vasilito
f6ee40326b
Fix BOOT_PATH logic in grub-install: non-removable installs now use
EFI/${BOOTLOADER_ID} per UEFI spec instead of always EFI/BOOT.
Add timeout validation to grub-mkconfig (must be non-negative integer).
Add sync() method to fat_tool.py and call os.fsync after cp_in to
ensure data reaches disk. Fix misleading block-device error message.
639 lines
22 KiB
Python
639 lines
22 KiB
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
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"""Minimal FAT32 read/write tool for modifying ESP partitions in disk images.
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Supports: ls, mkdir, cp-in, cp-out
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No external dependencies — uses only struct/os standard library.
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Usage:
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fat_tool.py ls <image> <offset> [path]
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fat_tool.py mkdir <image> <offset> <path>
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fat_tool.py cp-in <image> <offset> <host_path> <fat_path>
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fat_tool.py cp-out <image> <offset> <fat_path> <host_path>
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"""
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import os
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import struct
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import sys
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from datetime import datetime
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ATTR_VOLUME_ID = 0x08
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ATTR_DIRECTORY = 0x10
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ATTR_ARCHIVE = 0x20
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ATTR_LFN = 0x0F
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END_OF_CHAIN = 0x0FFFFFF8
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SHORT_NAME_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789$%'-_@~`!(){}^#&"
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LFN_CHAR_OFFSETS = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, 30]
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def read_le16(data, off):
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return struct.unpack_from("<H", data, off)[0]
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def read_le32(data, off):
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return struct.unpack_from("<I", data, off)[0]
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def write_le16(data, off, val):
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struct.pack_into("<H", data, off, val)
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def write_le32(data, off, val):
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struct.pack_into("<I", data, off, val)
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class Fat32:
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def __init__(self, image_path, offset):
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self.f = open(image_path, "r+b")
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self.image_size = os.fstat(self.f.fileno()).st_size
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self.offset = offset
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try:
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self._read_bpb()
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self._load_fat()
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except:
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self.f.close()
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raise
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def _read_bpb(self):
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self.f.seek(self.offset)
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bpb = self.f.read(512)
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self.bytes_per_sector = read_le16(bpb, 11)
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self.sectors_per_cluster = bpb[13]
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self.reserved_sectors = read_le16(bpb, 14)
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self.num_fats = bpb[16]
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self.root_entry_count = read_le16(bpb, 17)
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self.total_sectors_16 = read_le16(bpb, 19)
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self.media = bpb[21]
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self.fat_size_16 = read_le16(bpb, 22)
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self.total_sectors_32 = read_le32(bpb, 32)
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self.fat_size_32 = read_le32(bpb, 36)
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self.root_cluster = read_le32(bpb, 44)
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self.total_sectors = self.total_sectors_32 or self.total_sectors_16
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self.fat_size = self.fat_size_32 or self.fat_size_16
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if self.bytes_per_sector == 0 or self.sectors_per_cluster == 0:
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raise RuntimeError("FAT32: invalid BPB geometry")
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if self.num_fats == 0 or self.total_sectors == 0 or self.fat_size == 0:
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raise RuntimeError("FAT32: invalid BPB layout")
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self.first_data_sector = self.reserved_sectors + self.num_fats * self.fat_size
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self.data_sectors = self.total_sectors - self.first_data_sector
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if self.data_sectors <= 0:
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raise RuntimeError("FAT32: invalid data region")
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self.cluster_count = self.data_sectors // self.sectors_per_cluster
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self.max_cluster = self.cluster_count + 1
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self.cluster_size = self.bytes_per_sector * self.sectors_per_cluster
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self.fat_start = self.offset + self.reserved_sectors * self.bytes_per_sector
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self.data_start = self.fat_start + self.num_fats * self.fat_size * self.bytes_per_sector
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if self.cluster_count == 0 or not 2 <= self.root_cluster <= self.max_cluster:
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raise RuntimeError("FAT32: invalid root cluster")
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data_end = self.data_start + self.cluster_count * self.cluster_size
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if self.data_start > self.image_size or data_end > self.image_size:
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raise RuntimeError("FAT32: filesystem exceeds backing image")
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def _load_fat(self):
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self.f.seek(self.fat_start)
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fat_bytes = self.fat_size * self.bytes_per_sector
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self.fat = bytearray(self.f.read(fat_bytes))
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def _flush_fat(self):
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for i in range(self.num_fats):
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self.f.seek(self.fat_start + i * self.fat_size * self.bytes_per_sector)
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self.f.write(self.fat)
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def sync(self):
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self.f.flush()
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os.fsync(self.f.fileno())
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def _cluster_offset(self, cluster):
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if not 2 <= cluster <= self.max_cluster:
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raise RuntimeError(f"FAT32: invalid cluster {cluster}")
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return self.data_start + (cluster - 2) * self.cluster_size
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def _read_cluster(self, cluster):
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self.f.seek(self._cluster_offset(cluster))
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return bytearray(self.f.read(self.cluster_size))
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def _write_cluster(self, cluster, data):
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self.f.seek(self._cluster_offset(cluster))
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self.f.write(data[: self.cluster_size])
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def _next_cluster(self, cluster):
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if not 2 <= cluster <= self.max_cluster:
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raise RuntimeError(f"FAT32: invalid cluster {cluster}")
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idx = cluster * 4
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val = read_le32(self.fat, idx) & 0x0FFFFFFF
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if val == 0x0FFFFFF7:
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raise RuntimeError(f"FAT32: bad cluster marker at {cluster}")
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return val
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def _set_fat(self, cluster, value):
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write_le32(self.fat, cluster * 4, value & 0x0FFFFFFF)
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def _alloc_cluster(self):
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for i in range(2, self.max_cluster + 1):
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if read_le32(self.fat, i * 4) == 0:
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self._set_fat(i, END_OF_CHAIN)
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self._flush_fat()
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self.f.seek(self._cluster_offset(i))
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self.f.write(b"\x00" * self.cluster_size)
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self.f.flush()
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return i
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raise RuntimeError("FAT32: no free clusters")
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def _cluster_chain(self, start):
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if start < 2:
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return []
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chain = []
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seen = set()
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cluster = start
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while 2 <= cluster <= self.max_cluster and cluster < END_OF_CHAIN and cluster not in seen:
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chain.append(cluster)
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seen.add(cluster)
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cluster = self._next_cluster(cluster)
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return chain
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def _split_name(self, name):
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if "." in name:
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return name.rsplit(".", 1)
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return name, ""
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def _normalize_name(self, name):
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return name.upper()
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def _sanitize_short_component(self, text, max_len):
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chars = []
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for ch in text.upper():
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if ch in SHORT_NAME_CHARS:
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chars.append(ch)
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elif ch in " .":
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continue
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else:
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chars.append("_")
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if len(chars) == max_len:
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break
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return "".join(chars)
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def _short_name_bytes(self, base, ext):
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return (base.ljust(8) + ext.ljust(3)).encode("ascii")
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def _decode_short_name(self, name_bytes):
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base = name_bytes[:8].decode("ascii", errors="replace").rstrip()
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ext = name_bytes[8:11].decode("ascii", errors="replace").rstrip()
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return f"{base}.{ext}" if ext else base
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def _short_name_checksum(self, short_bytes):
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checksum = 0
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for byte in short_bytes:
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checksum = ((checksum >> 1) + ((checksum & 1) << 7) + byte) & 0xFF
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return checksum
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def _needs_lfn(self, name):
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if name in (".", ".."):
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return False
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base, ext = self._split_name(name)
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if not base or len(base) > 8 or len(ext) > 3:
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return True
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if name != name.upper():
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return True
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return (
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self._sanitize_short_component(base, 8) != base
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or self._sanitize_short_component(ext, 3) != ext
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)
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def _make_short_name(self, parent_cluster, name):
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existing = set()
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for entry in self._dir_entries(parent_cluster):
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existing.add(self._normalize_name(entry["short_name"]))
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base, ext = self._split_name(name)
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clean_base = self._sanitize_short_component(base, 8) or "_"
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clean_ext = self._sanitize_short_component(ext, 3)
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needs_lfn = self._needs_lfn(name)
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if not needs_lfn:
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short = self._short_name_bytes(clean_base, clean_ext)
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if self._normalize_name(self._decode_short_name(short)) not in existing:
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return short, False
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needs_lfn = True
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stem_source = self._sanitize_short_component(base, 8) or "_"
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for index in range(1, 1000000):
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suffix = f"~{index}"
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stem = (stem_source[: max(1, 8 - len(suffix))] + suffix)[:8]
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short = self._short_name_bytes(stem, clean_ext)
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if self._normalize_name(self._decode_short_name(short)) not in existing:
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return short, needs_lfn
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raise RuntimeError(f"cannot generate unique short name for '{name}'")
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def _read_lfn_fragment(self, entry):
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chars = []
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for offset in LFN_CHAR_OFFSETS:
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code_unit = read_le16(entry, offset)
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if code_unit == 0x0000:
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break
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if code_unit != 0xFFFF:
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chars.append(chr(code_unit))
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return "".join(chars)
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def _assemble_lfn(self, parts):
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if not parts:
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return None
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name = []
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for index in range(1, max(parts) + 1):
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part = parts.get(index)
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if part is None:
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return None
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name.append(part)
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return "".join(name)
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def _lfn_chunks(self, name):
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encoded = name.encode("utf-16-le")
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code_units = []
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for offset in range(0, len(encoded), 2):
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code_units.append(read_le16(encoded, offset))
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code_units.append(0x0000)
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chunks = []
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for offset in range(0, len(code_units), 13):
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chunk = code_units[offset : offset + 13]
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while len(chunk) < 13:
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chunk.append(0xFFFF)
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chunks.append(chunk)
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return chunks
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def _dir_entries(self, cluster):
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lfn_parts = {}
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lfn_offsets = []
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lfn_checksum = None
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for current_cluster in self._cluster_chain(cluster):
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data = self._read_cluster(current_cluster)
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base = self._cluster_offset(current_cluster)
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for i in range(0, self.cluster_size, 32):
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entry = data[i : i + 32]
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entry_offset = base + i
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first_byte = entry[0]
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if first_byte == 0x00:
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return
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if first_byte == 0xE5:
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lfn_parts = {}
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lfn_offsets = []
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lfn_checksum = None
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continue
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attr = entry[11]
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if attr == ATTR_LFN:
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seq = entry[0]
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seq_num = seq & 0x1F
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if seq & 0x40:
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lfn_parts = {}
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lfn_offsets = []
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lfn_checksum = entry[13]
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if seq_num == 0:
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lfn_parts = {}
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lfn_offsets = []
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lfn_checksum = None
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continue
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lfn_parts[seq_num] = self._read_lfn_fragment(entry)
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lfn_offsets.append(entry_offset)
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continue
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if attr & ATTR_VOLUME_ID:
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lfn_parts = {}
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lfn_offsets = []
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lfn_checksum = None
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continue
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short_bytes = bytes(entry[0:11])
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short_name = self._decode_short_name(short_bytes)
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name = short_name
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is_lfn = False
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if lfn_parts and lfn_checksum == self._short_name_checksum(short_bytes):
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full_name = self._assemble_lfn(lfn_parts)
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if full_name:
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name = full_name
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is_lfn = True
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first_cluster = (read_le16(entry, 20) << 16) | read_le16(entry, 26)
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size = read_le32(entry, 28)
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is_dir = bool(attr & ATTR_DIRECTORY)
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yield {
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"name": name,
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"short_name": short_name,
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"short_bytes": short_bytes,
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"entry_offset": entry_offset,
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"slots": list(lfn_offsets) + [entry_offset],
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"first_cluster": first_cluster,
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"size": size,
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"is_dir": is_dir,
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"is_lfn": is_lfn,
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}
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lfn_parts = {}
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lfn_offsets = []
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lfn_checksum = None
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def _find_in_dir(self, parent_cluster, name):
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target = self._normalize_name(name)
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for entry in self._dir_entries(parent_cluster):
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if self._normalize_name(entry["name"]) == target:
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return entry
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if self._normalize_name(entry["short_name"]) == target:
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return entry
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return None
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def _resolve_path(self, path):
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"""Return (parent_cluster, entry_or_None) for a path like 'EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI'."""
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parts = [part for part in path.replace("\\", "/").split("/") if part]
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current = self.root_cluster
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if not parts:
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return current, None
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for index, part in enumerate(parts):
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found = self._find_in_dir(current, part)
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if found is None:
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return current, None
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if index == len(parts) - 1:
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return current, found
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if not found["is_dir"]:
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raise RuntimeError(f"'{part}' is not a directory")
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current = found["first_cluster"]
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return current, None
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def _timestamp_values(self):
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now = datetime.now()
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year = min(max(now.year, 1980), 2107)
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date_val = ((year - 1980) << 9) | (now.month << 5) | now.day
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time_val = (now.hour << 11) | (now.minute << 5) | (now.second // 2)
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return date_val, time_val
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def _build_short_entry(self, short_name, first_cluster, is_dir, size):
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entry = bytearray(32)
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entry[0:11] = short_name
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entry[11] = ATTR_DIRECTORY if is_dir else ATTR_ARCHIVE
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date_val, time_val = self._timestamp_values()
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write_le16(entry, 14, time_val)
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write_le16(entry, 16, date_val)
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write_le16(entry, 18, date_val)
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write_le16(entry, 20, (first_cluster >> 16) & 0xFFFF)
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write_le16(entry, 22, time_val)
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write_le16(entry, 24, date_val)
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write_le16(entry, 26, first_cluster & 0xFFFF)
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write_le32(entry, 28, size)
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return entry
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def _find_free_dir_slots(self, parent_cluster, entries_needed):
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run = []
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seen_end = False
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chain = self._cluster_chain(parent_cluster)
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for current_cluster in chain:
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data = self._read_cluster(current_cluster)
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base = self._cluster_offset(current_cluster)
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for i in range(0, self.cluster_size, 32):
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marker = data[i]
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entry_offset = base + i
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if seen_end or marker in (0x00, 0xE5):
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run.append(entry_offset)
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if marker == 0x00:
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seen_end = True
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if len(run) == entries_needed:
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return run
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else:
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run = []
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last_cluster = chain[-1]
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while len(run) < entries_needed:
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new_cluster = self._alloc_cluster()
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self._set_fat(last_cluster, new_cluster)
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self._set_fat(new_cluster, END_OF_CHAIN)
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self._flush_fat()
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for i in range(0, self.cluster_size, 32):
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run.append(self._cluster_offset(new_cluster) + i)
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if len(run) == entries_needed:
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return run
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last_cluster = new_cluster
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return run
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def _add_dir_entry(self, parent_cluster, name, first_cluster, is_dir, size=0):
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short_name, needs_lfn = self._make_short_name(parent_cluster, name)
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lfn_chunks = self._lfn_chunks(name) if needs_lfn else []
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slots = self._find_free_dir_slots(parent_cluster, len(lfn_chunks) + 1)
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checksum = self._short_name_checksum(short_name)
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for slot_index, seq in enumerate(range(len(lfn_chunks), 0, -1)):
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entry = bytearray(32)
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entry[0] = seq | (0x40 if seq == len(lfn_chunks) else 0)
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entry[11] = ATTR_LFN
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entry[13] = checksum
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chunk = lfn_chunks[seq - 1]
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for char_offset, code_unit in zip(LFN_CHAR_OFFSETS, chunk):
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write_le16(entry, char_offset, code_unit)
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self.f.seek(slots[slot_index])
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self.f.write(entry)
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self.f.seek(slots[len(lfn_chunks)])
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self.f.write(self._build_short_entry(short_name, first_cluster, is_dir, size))
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self.f.flush()
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def _initialize_directory(self, cluster, parent_cluster):
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data = bytearray(self.cluster_size)
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data[0:32] = self._build_short_entry(b". ", cluster, True, 0)
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data[32:64] = self._build_short_entry(b".. ", parent_cluster, True, 0)
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self._write_cluster(cluster, data)
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self.f.flush()
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def _free_cluster_chain(self, start_cluster):
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for cluster in self._cluster_chain(start_cluster):
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self._set_fat(cluster, 0)
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self._flush_fat()
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def _delete_entry(self, entry):
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for slot in entry["slots"]:
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self.f.seek(slot)
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self.f.write(b"\xE5")
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if entry["first_cluster"] >= 2:
|
|
self._free_cluster_chain(entry["first_cluster"])
|
|
self.f.flush()
|
|
|
|
# Public API
|
|
|
|
def ls(self, path="/"):
|
|
normalized_path = path if path != "/" else ""
|
|
parent_cluster, found = self._resolve_path(normalized_path)
|
|
|
|
if normalized_path and found is None:
|
|
raise RuntimeError(f"ls: '{path}' not found")
|
|
|
|
if found is not None and not found["is_dir"]:
|
|
print(f"- {found['size']:>10} {found['name']}")
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
cluster = found["first_cluster"] if found is not None else self.root_cluster
|
|
for entry in self._dir_entries(cluster):
|
|
if entry["name"] in (".", ".."):
|
|
continue
|
|
prefix = "d" if entry["is_dir"] else "-"
|
|
print(f"{prefix} {entry['size']:>10} {entry['name']}")
|
|
|
|
def mkdir(self, path):
|
|
parts = [part for part in path.replace("\\", "/").split("/") if part]
|
|
if not parts:
|
|
raise RuntimeError("mkdir: empty path")
|
|
|
|
current_cluster = self.root_cluster
|
|
for part in parts:
|
|
found = self._find_in_dir(current_cluster, part)
|
|
if found is not None:
|
|
if not found["is_dir"]:
|
|
raise RuntimeError(f"mkdir: '{part}' already exists and is not a directory")
|
|
current_cluster = found["first_cluster"]
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
new_cluster = self._alloc_cluster()
|
|
try:
|
|
self._initialize_directory(new_cluster, current_cluster)
|
|
self._add_dir_entry(current_cluster, part, new_cluster, True)
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
self._free_cluster_chain(new_cluster)
|
|
raise
|
|
current_cluster = new_cluster
|
|
|
|
def cp_in(self, host_path, fat_path):
|
|
with open(host_path, "rb") as host_file:
|
|
data = host_file.read()
|
|
|
|
parts = [part for part in fat_path.replace("\\", "/").split("/") if part]
|
|
if not parts:
|
|
raise RuntimeError("cp-in: need destination path")
|
|
|
|
parent_path = "/".join(parts[:-1])
|
|
file_name = parts[-1]
|
|
|
|
if parent_path:
|
|
_, parent_entry = self._resolve_path(parent_path)
|
|
if parent_entry is None or not parent_entry["is_dir"]:
|
|
raise RuntimeError(f"cp-in: directory '{parent_path}' not found")
|
|
parent_cluster = parent_entry["first_cluster"]
|
|
else:
|
|
parent_cluster = self.root_cluster
|
|
|
|
existing = self._find_in_dir(parent_cluster, file_name)
|
|
if existing is not None:
|
|
if existing["is_dir"]:
|
|
raise RuntimeError(f"cp-in: '{file_name}' is a directory")
|
|
|
|
cluster_count = (len(data) + self.cluster_size - 1) // self.cluster_size
|
|
clusters = []
|
|
try:
|
|
for _ in range(cluster_count):
|
|
clusters.append(self._alloc_cluster())
|
|
|
|
if clusters:
|
|
for i in range(len(clusters) - 1):
|
|
self._set_fat(clusters[i], clusters[i + 1])
|
|
self._set_fat(clusters[-1], END_OF_CHAIN)
|
|
self._flush_fat()
|
|
|
|
for index, cluster in enumerate(clusters):
|
|
chunk = data[index * self.cluster_size : (index + 1) * self.cluster_size]
|
|
buffer = bytearray(self.cluster_size)
|
|
buffer[: len(chunk)] = chunk
|
|
self._write_cluster(cluster, buffer)
|
|
|
|
first_cluster = clusters[0] if clusters else 0
|
|
if existing is not None:
|
|
replacement = self._build_short_entry(
|
|
existing["short_bytes"], first_cluster, False, len(data)
|
|
)
|
|
self.f.seek(existing["entry_offset"])
|
|
self.f.write(replacement)
|
|
if existing["first_cluster"] >= 2:
|
|
self._free_cluster_chain(existing["first_cluster"])
|
|
else:
|
|
self._add_dir_entry(parent_cluster, file_name, first_cluster, False, len(data))
|
|
self.f.flush()
|
|
os.fsync(self.f.fileno())
|
|
except Exception:
|
|
if clusters:
|
|
self._free_cluster_chain(clusters[0])
|
|
raise
|
|
|
|
def cp_out(self, fat_path, host_path):
|
|
_, found = self._resolve_path(fat_path)
|
|
if found is None:
|
|
raise RuntimeError(f"cp-out: '{fat_path}' not found")
|
|
if found["is_dir"]:
|
|
raise RuntimeError(f"cp-out: '{fat_path}' is a directory")
|
|
|
|
data = bytearray()
|
|
for cluster in self._cluster_chain(found["first_cluster"]):
|
|
data.extend(self._read_cluster(cluster))
|
|
|
|
with open(host_path, "wb") as host_file:
|
|
host_file.write(data[: found["size"]])
|
|
|
|
def close(self):
|
|
self.f.close()
|
|
|
|
|
|
def main():
|
|
if len(sys.argv) < 4:
|
|
print(__doc__)
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
|
|
|
cmd = sys.argv[1]
|
|
image = sys.argv[2]
|
|
offset = int(sys.argv[3])
|
|
|
|
fat = Fat32(image, offset)
|
|
try:
|
|
if cmd == "ls":
|
|
path = sys.argv[4] if len(sys.argv) > 4 else "/"
|
|
fat.ls(path)
|
|
elif cmd == "mkdir":
|
|
if len(sys.argv) != 5:
|
|
print(__doc__)
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
|
fat.mkdir(sys.argv[4])
|
|
elif cmd == "cp-in":
|
|
if len(sys.argv) != 6:
|
|
print(__doc__)
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
|
fat.cp_in(sys.argv[4], sys.argv[5])
|
|
elif cmd == "cp-out":
|
|
if len(sys.argv) != 6:
|
|
print(__doc__)
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
|
fat.cp_out(sys.argv[4], sys.argv[5])
|
|
else:
|
|
print(f"Unknown command: {cmd}")
|
|
sys.exit(1)
|
|
finally:
|
|
fat.close()
|
|
|
|
|
|
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
|
main()
|