RedBear-OS/src/startup/memory.rs

use crate::{
    arch::CurrentRmmArch,
    memory::PAGE_SIZE,
    startup::{memory::BootloaderMemoryKind::Null, KernelArgs},
};
use core::{
    cell::SyncUnsafeCell,
    cmp::{max, min},
    slice::{self, Iter},
};
use rmm::{
    Arch, BumpAllocator, MemoryArea, PageFlags, PageMapper, PhysicalAddress, TableKind,
    VirtualAddress, KILOBYTE, MEGABYTE,
};

// Keep synced with OsMemoryKind in bootloader
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
#[repr(u64)]
#[allow(dead_code)]
pub enum BootloaderMemoryKind {
    Null = 0,
    Free = 1,
    Reclaim = 2,
    Reserved = 3,

    // These are local to kernel
    Kernel = 0x100,
    Device = 0x101,
    IdentityMap = 0x102,
}

// Keep synced with OsMemoryEntry in bootloader
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
#[repr(C, packed(8))]
struct BootloaderMemoryEntry {
    pub base: u64,
    pub size: u64,
    pub kind: BootloaderMemoryKind,
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
struct MemoryEntry {
    pub start: usize,
    pub end: usize,
    pub kind: BootloaderMemoryKind,
}

impl MemoryEntry {
    fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Self> {
        let start = max(self.start, other.start);
        let end = min(self.end, other.end);
        if start < end {
            Some(Self {
                start,
                end,
                kind: self.kind,
            })
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    fn combine(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Self> {
        if self.start <= other.end && self.end >= other.start {
            Some(Self {
                start: min(self.start, other.start),
                end: max(self.end, other.end),
                kind: self.kind,
            })
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

struct MemoryMap {
    entries: [MemoryEntry; 1024],
    size: usize,
}

impl MemoryMap {
    fn register(&mut self, base: usize, size: usize, kind: BootloaderMemoryKind) {
        if self.size >= self.entries.len() {
            #[cfg(any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64"))]
            unsafe { core::arch::asm!("out dx, al", in("dx") 0x3F8u16, in("al") b'!', options(nostack, preserves_flags)); }
            panic!("Early memory map overflow at entry {} (max {})", self.size, self.entries.len());
        }
        let start = if kind == BootloaderMemoryKind::Free {
            align_up(base)
        } else {
            align_down(base)
        };
        let end = base.saturating_add(size);
        let end = if kind == BootloaderMemoryKind::Free {
            align_down(end)
        } else {
            align_up(end)
        };
        if start < end
            && let Some(entry) = self.entries.get_mut(self.size)
        {
            *entry = MemoryEntry { start, end, kind };
            self.size += 1;
        }
    }

    fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, MemoryEntry> {
        self.entries[0..self.size].iter()
    }

    pub fn free(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &MemoryEntry> {
        self.iter().filter(|x| x.kind == BootloaderMemoryKind::Free)
    }

    pub fn non_free(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &MemoryEntry> {
        self.iter().filter(|x| x.kind != BootloaderMemoryKind::Free)
    }

    pub fn kernel(&self) -> Option<&MemoryEntry> {
        self.iter().find(|x| x.kind == BootloaderMemoryKind::Kernel)
    }

    pub fn devices(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &MemoryEntry> {
        self.iter()
            .filter(|x| x.kind == BootloaderMemoryKind::Device)
    }

    pub fn identity_mapped(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &MemoryEntry> {
        self.iter()
            .filter(|x| x.kind == BootloaderMemoryKind::IdentityMap)
    }
}

static MEMORY_MAP: SyncUnsafeCell<MemoryMap> = SyncUnsafeCell::new(MemoryMap {
    entries: [MemoryEntry {
        start: 0,
        end: 0,
        kind: BootloaderMemoryKind::Null,
    }; 1024],
    size: 0,
});

fn align_up(x: usize) -> usize {
    (x.saturating_add(PAGE_SIZE - 1) / PAGE_SIZE) * PAGE_SIZE
}
fn align_down(x: usize) -> usize {
    x / PAGE_SIZE * PAGE_SIZE
}

fn register_memory_from_kernel_args(args: &KernelArgs) {
    register_bootloader_areas(args.areas_base as usize, args.areas_size as usize);
    if let Some(dt) = args.dtb() {
        crate::dtb::register_dev_memory_ranges(&dt);
    }
    register_memory_region(
        args.kernel_base as usize,
        args.kernel_size as usize,
        BootloaderMemoryKind::Kernel,
    );
    register_memory_region(
        args.env_base as usize,
        args.env_size as usize,
        BootloaderMemoryKind::IdentityMap,
    );
    register_memory_region(
        args.hwdesc_base as usize,
        args.hwdesc_size as usize,
        BootloaderMemoryKind::IdentityMap,
    );
    register_memory_region(
        args.bootstrap_base as usize,
        args.bootstrap_size as usize,
        BootloaderMemoryKind::IdentityMap,
    );
}

pub fn register_memory_region(base: usize, size: usize, kind: BootloaderMemoryKind) {
    if kind != Null && size != 0 {
        debug!("Registering {:?} memory {:X} size {:X}", kind, base, size);
        unsafe { (*MEMORY_MAP.get()).register(base, size, kind) }
    }
}

fn register_bootloader_areas(areas_base: usize, areas_size: usize) {
    let bootloader_areas = unsafe {
        slice::from_raw_parts(
            areas_base as *const BootloaderMemoryEntry,
            areas_size / size_of::<BootloaderMemoryEntry>(),
        )
    };
    for bootloader_area in bootloader_areas.iter() {
        register_memory_region(
            bootloader_area.base as usize,
            bootloader_area.size as usize,
            bootloader_area.kind,
        )
    }
}

unsafe fn add_memory(areas: &mut [MemoryArea], area_i: &mut usize, mut area: MemoryEntry) {
    unsafe {
        for reservation in (*MEMORY_MAP.get()).non_free() {
            if area.end > reservation.start && area.end <= reservation.end {
                info!(
                    "Memory {:X}:{:X} overlaps with reservation {:X}:{:X}",
                    area.start, area.end, reservation.start, reservation.end
                );
                area.end = reservation.start;
            }
            if area.start >= area.end {
                return;
            }

            if area.start >= reservation.start && area.start < reservation.end {
                info!(
                    "Memory {:X}:{:X} overlaps with reservation {:X}:{:X}",
                    area.start, area.end, reservation.start, reservation.end
                );
                area.start = reservation.end;
            }
            if area.start >= area.end {
                return;
            }

            if area.start <= reservation.start && area.end > reservation.start {
                info!(
                    "Memory {:X}:{:X} contains reservation {:X}:{:X}",
                    area.start, area.end, reservation.start, reservation.end
                );
                debug_assert!(area.start < reservation.start && reservation.end < area.end,
                    "Should've contained reservation entirely: memory block {:X}:{:X} reservation {:X}:{:X}",
                    area.start, area.end,
                    reservation.start, reservation.end
            );
                // recurse on first part of split memory block

                add_memory(
                    areas,
                    area_i,
                    MemoryEntry {
                        end: reservation.start,
                        ..area
                    },
                );

                // and continue with the second part
                area.start = reservation.end;
            }
            debug_assert!(
                area.intersect(reservation).is_none(),
                "Intersects with reservation! memory block {:X}:{:X} reservation {:X}:{:X}",
                area.start,
                area.end,
                reservation.start,
                reservation.end
            );
            debug_assert!(
                area.start < area.end,
                "Empty memory block {:X}:{:X}",
                area.start,
                area.end
            );
        }

        // Combine overlapping memory areas
        let mut other_i = 0;
        while other_i < *area_i {
            let other = &areas[other_i];
            let other = MemoryEntry {
                start: other.base.data(),
                end: other.base.data().saturating_add(other.size),
                kind: BootloaderMemoryKind::Free,
            };
            if let Some(union) = area.combine(&other) {
                debug!(
                    "{:X}:{:X} overlaps with area {:X}:{:X}, combining into {:X}:{:X}",
                    area.start, area.end, other.start, other.end, union.start, union.end
                );
                area = union;
                *area_i -= 1; // delete the original memory chunk
                areas[other_i] = areas[*area_i];
            } else {
                other_i = other_i.saturating_add(1);
            }
        }

        areas[*area_i].base = PhysicalAddress::new(area.start);
        areas[*area_i].size = area.end.saturating_sub(area.start);
        *area_i += 1;
    }
}

fn kernel_page_flags<A: Arch>(virt: VirtualAddress) -> PageFlags<A> {
    use crate::kernel_executable_offsets::*;
    let virt_addr = virt.data();

    (if virt_addr >= __text_start() && virt_addr < __text_end() {
        // Remap text read-only, execute
        PageFlags::new().execute(true)
    } else if virt_addr >= __rodata_start() && virt_addr < __rodata_end() {
        // Remap rodata read-only, no execute
        PageFlags::new()
    } else {
        // Remap everything else read-write, no execute
        PageFlags::new().write(true)
    })
    .global(cfg!(all(target_arch = "x86_64", not(feature = "pti"))))
}

unsafe fn map_memory<A: Arch>(areas: &[MemoryArea], mut bump_allocator: &mut BumpAllocator<A>) {
    unsafe {
        let mut mapper = PageMapper::<A, _>::create(TableKind::Kernel, &mut bump_allocator)
            .expect("failed to create Mapper");

        // Map all physical areas at PHYS_OFFSET
        for area in areas.iter() {
            for i in 0..area.size / PAGE_SIZE {
                let phys = area.base.add(i * PAGE_SIZE);
                let virt = A::phys_to_virt(phys);
                let flags = kernel_page_flags::<A>(virt);
                let flush = mapper
                    .map_phys(virt, phys, flags)
                    .expect("failed to map frame");
                flush.ignore(); // Not the active table
            }
        }

        let kernel_area = (*MEMORY_MAP.get()).kernel().unwrap();
        let kernel_base = kernel_area.start;
        let kernel_size = kernel_area.end.saturating_sub(kernel_area.start);
        // Map kernel at KERNEL_OFFSET
        for i in 0..kernel_size / A::PAGE_SIZE {
            let phys = PhysicalAddress::new(kernel_base + i * PAGE_SIZE);
            let virt = VirtualAddress::new(
                crate::kernel_executable_offsets::KERNEL_OFFSET() + i * PAGE_SIZE,
            );
            let flags = kernel_page_flags::<A>(virt);
            let flush = mapper
                .map_phys(virt, phys, flags)
                .expect("failed to map frame");
            flush.ignore(); // Not the active table
        }

        for area in (*MEMORY_MAP.get()).identity_mapped() {
            let base = area.start;
            let size = area.end.saturating_sub(area.start);
            for i in 0..size / PAGE_SIZE {
                let phys = PhysicalAddress::new(base + i * PAGE_SIZE);
                let virt = A::phys_to_virt(phys);
                let flags = kernel_page_flags::<A>(virt);
                let flush = mapper
                    .map_phys(virt, phys, flags)
                    .expect("failed to map frame");
                flush.ignore(); // Not the active table
            }
        }

        //map dev mem
        for area in (*MEMORY_MAP.get()).devices() {
            let base = area.start;
            let size = area.end.saturating_sub(area.start);
            for i in 0..size / PAGE_SIZE {
                let phys = PhysicalAddress::new(base + i * PAGE_SIZE);
                let virt = A::phys_to_virt(phys);
                let flags = kernel_page_flags::<A>(virt).device_memory(true);
                let flush = mapper
                    .map_phys(virt, phys, flags)
                    .expect("failed to map frame");
                flush.ignore(); // Not the active table
            }
        }

        // Ensure graphical debug region remains paged
        {
            use crate::devices::graphical_debug::FRAMEBUFFER;

            let (phys, virt, size) = *FRAMEBUFFER.lock();

            let pages = size.div_ceil(PAGE_SIZE);
            for i in 0..pages {
                let phys = PhysicalAddress::new(phys + i * PAGE_SIZE);
                let virt = VirtualAddress::new(virt + i * PAGE_SIZE);
                let flags = PageFlags::new().write(true).write_combining(true);
                let flush = mapper
                    .map_phys(virt, phys, flags)
                    .expect("failed to map frame");
                flush.ignore(); // Not the active table
            }
        }

        debug!("Table: {:X}", mapper.table().phys().data());
        mapper.table().debug_entries(|args| debug!("{args}"));

        // Use the new table
        mapper.make_current();
    }
}

pub unsafe fn init(
    args: &KernelArgs,
    low_limit: Option<usize>,
    high_limit: Option<usize>,
) -> BumpAllocator<CurrentRmmArch> {
    register_memory_from_kernel_args(args);

    unsafe {
        let physmem_limit = MemoryEntry {
            start: align_up(low_limit.unwrap_or(0)),
            end: align_down(high_limit.unwrap_or(usize::MAX)),
            kind: BootloaderMemoryKind::Free,
        };

        let areas = &mut *crate::memory::AREAS.get();
        let mut area_i = 0;

        // Copy initial memory map, and page align it
        for area in (*MEMORY_MAP.get()).free() {
            debug!("{:X}:{:X}", area.start, area.end);

            if let Some(area) = area.intersect(&physmem_limit) {
                add_memory(areas, &mut area_i, area);
            }
        }

        areas[..area_i].sort_unstable_by_key(|area| area.base);
        crate::memory::AREA_COUNT.get().write(area_i as u16);

        // free memory map in now ready
        let areas = crate::memory::areas();

        // First, calculate how much memory we have
        let mut size = 0_usize;
        for area in areas.iter() {
            if area.size > 0 {
                debug!("{:X?}", area);
                size = size.saturating_add(area.size);
            }
        }

        info!("Memory: {} MB", size.div_ceil(MEGABYTE));

        // Create a basic allocator for the first pages
        let mut bump_allocator = BumpAllocator::<CurrentRmmArch>::new(areas, 0);

        map_memory(areas, &mut bump_allocator);

        // Create the physical memory map
        let offset = bump_allocator.offset();
        info!("Permanently used: {} KB", offset.div_ceil(KILOBYTE));
        bump_allocator
    }
}