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* Copyright 2018-2024,2025 Thomas E. Dickey *
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* @Id: tabs.1,v 1.74 2025/08/16 19:11:47 tom Exp @
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN">
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<meta name="generator" content="Manpage converted by man2html - see https://invisible-island.net/scripts/readme.html#others_scripts">
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<TITLE>tabs 1 2025-08-16 ncurses 6.6 User commands</TITLE>
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<link rel="author" href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
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<H1 class="no-header">tabs 1 2025-08-16 ncurses 6.6 User commands</H1>
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<PRE>
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<STRONG><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></STRONG> User commands <STRONG><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></STRONG>
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
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<STRONG>tabs</STRONG> - set terminal tab stops
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
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<STRONG>tabs</STRONG> [<EM>options</EM>] [<EM>tabstop-list</EM>]
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
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The <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> program clears and sets tab-stops on the terminal. This uses
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the terminfo <STRONG>clear_all_tabs</STRONG> and <STRONG>set_tab</STRONG> capabilities. If either is
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absent, <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> is unable to clear/set tab-stops. The terminal should be
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configured to use hard tabs, e.g.,
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stty tab0
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Like <STRONG><A HREF="clear.1.html">clear(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> writes to the standard output. You can redirect
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the standard output to a file (which prevents <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> from actually
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changing the tabstops), and later <STRONG>cat</STRONG> the file to the screen, setting
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tabstops at that point.
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These are hardware tabs, which cannot be queried rapidly by
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applications running in the terminal, if at all. Curses and other
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full-screen applications may use hardware tabs in optimizing their
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output to the terminal. If the hardware tabstops differ from the
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information in the terminal database, the result is unpredictable.
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Before running curses programs, you should either reset tab-stops to
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the standard interval
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tabs -8
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or use the <STRONG>reset</STRONG> program, since the normal initialization sequences do
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not ensure that tab-stops are reset.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a></H2><PRE>
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-General-Options">General Options</a></H3><PRE>
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<STRONG>-T</STRONG><EM>name</EM>
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Tell <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> which terminal type to use. If this option is not
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given, <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> will use the <STRONG>$TERM</STRONG> environment variable. If that is
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not set, it will use the <EM>ansi+tabs</EM> entry.
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<STRONG>-d</STRONG> The debugging option shows a ruler line, followed by two data
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lines. The first data line shows the expected tab-stops marked
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with asterisks. The second data line shows the actual tab-stops,
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marked with asterisks.
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<STRONG>-n</STRONG> This option tells <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> to check the options and run any debugging
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option, but not to modify the terminal settings.
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<STRONG>-V</STRONG> reports the version of <EM>ncurses</EM> which was used in this program, and
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exits.
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The <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> program processes a single list of tab stops. The last option
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to be processed which defines a list is the one that determines the
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list to be processed.
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Implicit-Lists">Implicit Lists</a></H3><PRE>
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Use a single number as an option, e.g., "<STRONG>-5</STRONG>" to set tabs at the given
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interval (in this case 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, etc.). Tabs are repeated up
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to the right margin of the screen.
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Use "<STRONG>-0</STRONG>" to clear all tabs.
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Use "<STRONG>-8</STRONG>" to set tabs to the standard interval.
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Explicit-Lists">Explicit Lists</a></H3><PRE>
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An explicit list can be defined after the options (this does not use a
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"-"). The values in the list must be in increasing numeric order, and
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greater than zero. They are separated by a comma or a blank, for
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example,
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tabs 1,6,11,16,21
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tabs 1 6 11 16 21
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Use a "+" to treat a number as an increment relative to the previous
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value, e.g.,
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tabs 1,+5,+5,+5,+5
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which is equivalent to the 1,6,11,16,21 example.
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Standard-Tab-Stops">Standard Tab Stops</a></H3><PRE>
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POSIX defines several lists of tab stops.
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<STRONG>-a</STRONG> Assembler, IBM S/370, first format
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1,10,16,36,72
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<STRONG>-a2</STRONG> Assembler, IBM S/370, second format
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1,10,16,40,72
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<STRONG>-c</STRONG> COBOL, normal format
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1,8,12,16,20,55
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<STRONG>-c2</STRONG> COBOL compact format
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1,6,10,14,49
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<STRONG>-c3</STRONG> COBOL compact format extended
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1,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38,42,46,50,54,58,62,67
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<STRONG>-f</STRONG> FORTRAN
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1,7,11,15,19,23
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<STRONG>-p</STRONG> PL/I
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1,5,9,13,17,21,25,29,33,37,41,45,49,53,57,61
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<STRONG>-s</STRONG> SNOBOL
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1,10,55
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<STRONG>-u</STRONG> UNIVAC 1100 Assembler
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1,12,20,44
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</PRE><H3><a name="h3-Margins">Margins</a></H3><PRE>
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A few terminals expose a means of changing their left and right
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margins. <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> supports this feature with an option.
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<STRONG>+m</STRONG> <EM>margin</EM>
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The effect depends on whether the terminal has the margin
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capabilities:
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<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the terminal provides the capability for setting the left
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margin, <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> uses this, and adjusts the available tab stop
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widths.
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<STRONG>o</STRONG> If the terminal does not provide the margin capabilities, <STRONG>tabs</STRONG>
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imitates their effect, putting tab stops at appropriate places
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on each line. The terminal's left margin is not modified.
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If the <EM>margin</EM> parameter is omitted, the default is 10. Use <STRONG>+m0</STRONG> to
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reset the left margin, that is, to make it the left edge of the
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terminal's display. Before setting a left margin, <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> resets the
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margin to reduce problems that might arise from moving the cursor
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to the left of the current left margin.
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When setting or resetting the left margin, <STRONG>tabs</STRONG> may also reset the
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right margin.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-FILES">FILES</a></H2><PRE>
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<EM>/usr/share/tabset</EM>
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tab stop initialization database
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
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IEEE Std 1003.1/The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7
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(POSIX.1-2008) describes a <EM>tabs</EM> utility. However,
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<STRONG>o</STRONG> this standard describes a <STRONG>+m</STRONG> option to set a terminal's left
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margin. Very few of the entries in the terminal database provide
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the <STRONG>set_left_margin</STRONG> (<STRONG>smgl</STRONG>) or <STRONG>set_left_margin_parm</STRONG> (<STRONG>smglp</STRONG>)
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capabilities needed to support the feature.
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<STRONG>o</STRONG> Unlike <EM>tput</EM>, <EM>tabs</EM> has no specification in X/Open Curses Issue 7.
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The <STRONG>-d</STRONG> (debug) and <STRONG>-n</STRONG> (no-op) options are <EM>ncurses</EM> extensions not
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provided by other implementations.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
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A <EM>tabs</EM> utility appeared in PWB/Unix 1.0 (1977). A reduced version
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shipped in Seventh Edition Unix (early 1979) and in 3BSD (later the
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same year); it supported an option "-n" to set the first tab stop at
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the left margin. That option is not specified by POSIX.
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The PWB/Unix <EM>tabs</EM> utility returned in System III (1980), and used
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built-in tables to support a half-dozen hardcopy terminal (printer)
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types. It also had logic to support setting the left margin, as well
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as a feature for copying the tab settings from a file.
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Versions of the program in later releases of AT&T Unix, such as SVr4,
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added support for the terminal database, but retained the tables to
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support the printers. By this time, System V <EM>tput</EM> had incorporated the
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tab stop initialization feature of BSD's <EM>tset</EM> from 1982, but employed
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the <EM>terminfo</EM> database to do so.
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The <STRONG>+m</STRONG> option was documented in the POSIX Base Specifications Issue 5
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(Unix98, 1997), then omitted in Issue 6 (Unix03, 2004) without express
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motivation, though an introductory comment "and optionally adjusts the
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margin" remains, overlooked in the removal. The <EM>tabs</EM> utility
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documented in Issues 6 and later has no mechanism for setting margins.
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The <STRONG>+m</STRONG> option in <EM>ncurses</EM>'s implementation differs from the SVr4 feature
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by using terminal capabilities rather than built-in tables.
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POSIX documents no limit on the number of tab stops. Other
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implementations impose one; the limit is 20 in PWB/Unix's <EM>tabs</EM> utility.
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While some terminals may not accept an arbitrary number of tab stops,
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<EM>ncurses</EM> attempts to set tab stops up to the right margin if the list
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thereof is sufficiently long.
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The "Rationale" section of the Issue 6 <EM>tabs</EM> reference page details how
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the committee considered redesigning the <EM>tabs</EM> and <EM>tput</EM> utilities,
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without settling on an improved solution. It claims that
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no known historical version of <EM>tabs</EM> supports the capability of
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setting arbitrary tab stops.
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The feature described in subsection "Explicit Lists" above was
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implemented in PWB/Unix, and permitted the setting of arbitrary tab
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stops nevertheless.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
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<STRONG><A HREF="infocmp.1m.html">infocmp(1m)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="tset.1.html">tset(1)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="terminfo.5.html">terminfo(5)</A></STRONG>
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ncurses 6.6 2025-08-16 <STRONG><A HREF="tabs.1.html">tabs(1)</A></STRONG>
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</PRE>
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<div class="nav">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-OPTIONS">OPTIONS</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#h3-General-Options">General Options</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-Implicit-Lists">Implicit Lists</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-Explicit-Lists">Explicit Lists</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-Standard-Tab-Stops">Standard Tab Stops</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h3-Margins">Margins</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#h2-FILES">FILES</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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