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* @Id: curs_printw.3x,v 1.65 2025/08/16 19:59:33 tom Exp @
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<TITLE>curs_printw 3x 2025-08-16 ncurses 6.6 Library calls</TITLE>
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<link rel="author" href="mailto:bug-ncurses@gnu.org">
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<H1 class="no-header">curs_printw 3x 2025-08-16 ncurses 6.6 Library calls</H1>
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<PRE>
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<STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG> Library calls <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NAME">NAME</a></H2><PRE>
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<STRONG>printw</STRONG>, <STRONG>wprintw</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvprintw</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvwprintw</STRONG>, <STRONG>vwprintw</STRONG>, <STRONG>vw_printw</STRONG> - write
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formatted output to a <EM>curses</EM> window
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></H2><PRE>
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<STRONG>#include</STRONG> <STRONG><curses.h></STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>printw(const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>fmt</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>...);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>wprintw(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>fmt</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>...);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvprintw(int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>fmt</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>...);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>mvwprintw(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>y</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>int</STRONG> <EM>x</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>fmt</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>...);</STRONG>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>vw_printw(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>fmt</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>va_list</STRONG> <EM>varglist</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
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<EM>/*</EM> <EM>obsolete</EM> <EM>*/</EM>
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<STRONG>int</STRONG> <STRONG>vwprintw(WINDOW</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>win</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>const</STRONG> <STRONG>char</STRONG> <STRONG>*</STRONG><EM>fmt</EM><STRONG>,</STRONG> <STRONG>va_list</STRONG> <EM>varglist</EM><STRONG>);</STRONG>
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></H2><PRE>
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<STRONG>printw</STRONG>, <STRONG>wprintw</STRONG>, <STRONG>mvprintw</STRONG>, and <STRONG>mvwprintw</STRONG> are analogous to <STRONG>printf(3)</STRONG>.
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In effect, the string that would be output by <STRONG>printf(3)</STRONG> is instead
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output as though <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">waddstr(3x)</A></STRONG> were used with <EM>win</EM> (or <STRONG>stdscr</STRONG>) as its
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first argument.
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<STRONG>vwprintw</STRONG> and <STRONG>vw_printw</STRONG> are analogous to <STRONG>vprintf(3)</STRONG>, and perform a
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<STRONG>wprintw</STRONG> using a variable argument list. The third argument is a
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<EM>va</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>list</EM>, a pointer to a list of arguments, as defined in <EM>stdarg.h</EM>.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></H2><PRE>
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These functions return <STRONG>ERR</STRONG> upon failure and <STRONG>OK</STRONG> upon success.
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In <EM>ncurses</EM>, failure occurs if the library cannot allocate enough memory
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for the buffer into which the output is formatted, or if the window
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pointer <EM>win</EM> is null.
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Functions prefixed with "mv" first perform cursor movement and fail if
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the position (<EM>y</EM>, <EM>x</EM>) is outside the window boundaries.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></H2><PRE>
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No wide character counterpart functions are defined by the "wide"
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<EM>ncurses</EM> configuration nor by any standard. To format and write a wide-
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character string to a <EM>curses</EM> window, consider using <STRONG>swprintf(3)</STRONG> and
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<STRONG><A HREF="curs_addwstr.3x.html">waddwstr(3x)</A></STRONG> or similar.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></H2><PRE>
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X/Open Curses Issue 4 describes these functions. It specifies no error
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conditions for them.
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<EM>ncurses</EM> defines <STRONG>vw_printw</STRONG> and <STRONG>vwprintw</STRONG> identically to support legacy
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applications. However, the latter is obsolete.
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<STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses Issue 4 Version 2 (1996), marked <STRONG>vwprintw</STRONG> as
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requiring <EM>varargs.h</EM> and "TO BE WITHDRAWN", and specified <STRONG>vw_printw</STRONG>
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using the <EM>stdarg.h</EM> interface.
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<STRONG>o</STRONG> X/Open Curses Issue 5, Draft 2 (December 2007) marked <STRONG>vwprintw</STRONG>
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(along with <STRONG>vwscanw</STRONG> and the <EM>termcap</EM> interface) as withdrawn. After
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incorporating review comments, this became X/Open Curses Issue 7
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(2009).
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<STRONG>o</STRONG> <EM>ncurses</EM> provides <STRONG>vwprintw</STRONG>, but marks it as deprecated.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></H2><PRE>
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4BSD (1980) introduced <EM>wprintw</EM> and its variants. It implemented all as
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functions, not macros; this initial distribution of <EM>curses</EM> preceded the
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ANSI C standard of 1989, prior to which a variadic macro facility was
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not widely available in the language. <EM>printw</EM> went unused in Berkeley
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distributions until 4.1cBSD (1983), which employed it in games. 4BSD's
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<EM>wprintw</EM> did not use <EM>varargs.h</EM>, which had been available since Seventh
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Edition Unix (1979). In 1991 (a couple of years after SVr4 was
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generally available, and after the C standard was published), other
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developers updated the library, using <EM>stdarg.h</EM> internally in 4.4BSD
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<EM>curses</EM>. Even with this improvement, BSD <EM>curses</EM> did not use function
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prototypes (nor even declare functions) in <EM>curses.h</EM> until 1992.
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4BSD documented <EM>printw</EM> and <EM>wprintw</EM> tersely as "printf on <EM>stdscr</EM>" and
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"printf on <EM>win</EM>", respectively.
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SVr3 summarized the functions in three lines, asserting that they were
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analogous to <STRONG>printf(3)</STRONG> and explaining that the string that <STRONG>printf(3)</STRONG>
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would write to the standard output stream would instead be output using
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<EM>waddstr</EM> to the given window.
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SVr3 added <EM>vwprintw</EM>, describing its third parameter as a <EM>va</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>list</EM>,
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defined in <EM>varargs.h</EM>, and referred the reader to the manual pages for
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<EM>varargs</EM> and <EM>vprintf</EM> for detailed descriptions.
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SVr4 (1989) introduced no new variations of <EM>printw</EM>, but provided for
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using either <EM>varargs.h</EM> or <EM>stdarg.h</EM> to define the <EM>va</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>list</EM> type.
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X/Open Curses Issue 4 (1995), defined <EM>vw</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>printw</EM> to replace <EM>vwprintw</EM>,
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stating that its <EM>va</EM><STRONG>_</STRONG><EM>list</EM> type is defined in <EM>stdarg.h</EM>.
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</PRE><H2><a name="h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></H2><PRE>
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<STRONG><A HREF="ncurses.3x.html">curses(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_addstr.3x.html">curs_addstr(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG><A HREF="curs_scanw.3x.html">curs_scanw(3x)</A></STRONG>, <STRONG>printf(3)</STRONG>, <STRONG>vprintf(3)</STRONG>
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ncurses 6.6 2025-08-16 <STRONG><A HREF="curs_printw.3x.html">curs_printw(3x)</A></STRONG>
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</PRE>
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<div class="nav">
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#h2-NAME">NAME</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-RETURN-VALUE">RETURN VALUE</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-NOTES">NOTES</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-PORTABILITY">PORTABILITY</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-HISTORY">HISTORY</a></li>
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<li><a href="#h2-SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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