// TODO: This scheme can be simplified significantly, and through it, several other APIs where it's
// dubious whether they require dedicated schemes (like irq, dtb, acpi). In particular, the kernel
// could abandon the filesystem-like APIs here in favor of SYS_CALL, and instead let userspace wrap
// those to say shell-accessible fs-like APIs.

use ::syscall::{
    dirent::{DirEntry, DirentBuf, DirentKind},
    EACCES, EINVAL, EIO, EISDIR, ENOTDIR, EPERM,
};
use alloc::{sync::Arc, vec::Vec};
use core::str;

#[cfg(any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64"))]
use crate::arch::interrupt;
use crate::{
    context::file::InternalFlags,
    sync::{CleanLockToken, RwLock, L1},
    syscall::{
        data::Stat,
        error::{Error, Result, EBADF, ENOENT},
        flag::{MODE_DIR, MODE_FILE},
        usercopy::{UserSliceRo, UserSliceWo},
    },
};

use super::{CallerCtx, HandleMap, KernelScheme, OpenResult, StrOrBytes};

mod block;
mod context;
mod cpu;
mod cpu_stat;
mod exe;
mod fdstat;
mod iostat;
mod irq;
mod log;
mod mem;
mod msr;
mod stat;
mod syscall;
mod uname;

/// Extract the (cpu<<32 | msr) u64 handle stored in an MSR fd's
/// data buffer. Returns None if the fd is not an MSR fd. We clone the
/// data Arc to drop the HANDLES read lock before calling data.read()
/// (which needs &mut token).
fn decode_msr_handle(id: usize, token: &mut CleanLockToken) -> Option<u64> {
    type MsrData = Arc<RwLock<L1, Option<Vec<u8>>>>;
    // Wrap the lookup in a closure so the inner `return` doesn't exit
    // decode_msr_handle itself; instead it returns a value from the
    // closure, which the outer let-block receives as Option<MsrData>.
    let mut lookup = || -> Option<MsrData> {
        let _handles = HANDLES.read(token.token());
        let h_opt = _handles.get(id).ok();
        let h = h_opt?;
        if let Handle::Resource { data, path, .. } = h {
            if *path == "msr" {
                return Some(Arc::clone(data));
            }
        }
        None
    };
    let data_arc: Option<MsrData> = lookup();
    let data: MsrData = data_arc?;
    let b = data.read(token.token());
    b.as_ref().and_then(|b| {
        if b.len() >= 8 {
            Some(u64::from_le_bytes(b[..8].try_into().ok()?))
        } else {
            None
        }
    })
}

enum Handle {
    TopLevel,
    Resource {
        path: &'static str,
        kind: Kind,
        data: Arc<RwLock<L1, Option<Vec<u8>>>>,
    },
    SchemeRoot,
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
enum Kind {
    Rd(fn(&mut CleanLockToken) -> Result<Vec<u8>>),
    Wr(fn(&[u8], &mut CleanLockToken) -> Result<usize>),
}
use Kind::{Rd, Wr};
impl Kind {
    fn generate_data(&self, token: &mut CleanLockToken) -> Result<Vec<u8>> {
        match self {
            Rd(handler) => handler(token),
            Wr(_) => Err(Error::new(EISDIR)),
        }
    }
}

/// System information scheme
pub struct SysScheme;
static HANDLES: RwLock<L1, HandleMap<Handle>> = RwLock::new(HandleMap::new());

const FILES: &[(&str, Kind)] = &[
    ("block", Rd(block::resource)),
    ("context", Rd(context::resource)),
    ("cpu", Rd(cpu::resource)),
    #[cfg(feature = "sys_fdstat")]
    ("fdstat", Rd(fdstat::resource)),
    ("exe", Rd(exe::resource)),
    ("iostat", Rd(iostat::resource)),
    ("irq", Rd(irq::resource)),
    ("log", Rd(log::resource)),
    ("mem", Rd(mem::resource)),
    ("numa", Rd(crate::numa::get_numa_info)),
    ("numa_dist", Rd(crate::numa::get_numa_distance_info)),
    ("syscall", Rd(syscall::resource)),
    ("uname", Rd(uname::resource)),
    ("env", Rd(|_| Ok(Vec::from(crate::startup::init_env())))),
    #[cfg(any(target_arch = "x86", target_arch = "x86_64"))]
    ("spurious_irq", Rd(interrupt::irq::spurious_irq_resource)),
    ("stat", Rd(stat::resource)),
    // Disabled because the debugger is inherently unsafe and probably will break the system.
    /*
    ("trigger_debugger", Rd(|token| unsafe {
        crate::debugger::debugger(None, token);
        Ok(Vec::new())
    })),
    */
    (
        "update_time_offset",
        Wr(crate::time::sys_update_time_offset),
    ),
    (
        "kstop",
        Wr(|arg, token| unsafe {
            match arg.trim_ascii() {
                b"shutdown" => crate::stop::kstop(token),
                b"reset" => crate::stop::kreset(),
                b"emergency_reset" => crate::stop::emergency_reset(),
                // Phase I.5: hardware-agnostic s2idle / Modern
                // Standby. acpid writes "s2idle" to
                // /scheme/sys/kstop. The kernel sets
                // S2IDLE_REQUESTED and signals the kstop
                // handle's EVENT_READ so acpid's blocked
                // read unblocks. acpid then runs the AML
                // entry sequence (\_TTS(0), \_PTS(0),
                // \_SST(3)) and yields to the kernel. The
                // kernel's idle path sees S2IDLE_REQUESTED
                // and calls mwait_loop(). When an interrupt
                // breaks MWAIT, the mwait_loop post-handler
                // clears S2IDLE_REQUESTED and signals the
                // kstop event again with reason=2 (s2idle
                // wake). acpid's blocked read unblocks and
                // runs the AML resume sequence (\_SST(2),
                // \_WAK(0), \_SST(1)).
                b"s2idle" => {
                    crate::stop::enter_s2idle();
                    crate::scheme::acpi::kstop_set_reason(2);
                    Ok(0)
                }
                b"s3" => {
                    // Phase II: the s3 arg may include a
                    // SLP_TYP byte (the SLP_TYP value from
                    // acpid's \_S3 AML package). Format: arg is
                    // "s3X" where X is the SLP_TYP byte (0-7).
                    // If absent (arg.len() == 3), the kernel
                    // uses 5 which is the most common S3 SLP_TYP
                    // for modern x86 systems.
                    if arg.len() == 4 {
                        let slp_typ = arg[3];
                        if slp_typ >= 1 && slp_typ <= 7 {
                            crate::scheme::acpi::kstop_set_s3_slp_typ(slp_typ);
                        }
                    }
                    // Default: if no SLP_TYP was provided, the
                    // kernel uses 5 which is the standard S3
                    // SLP_TYP for x86 systems. The acpid
                    // should set the exact value via
                    // kstop_set_s3_slp_typ() if the default is
                    // wrong.
                    if crate::scheme::acpi::S3_SLP_TYP
                        .load(core::sync::atomic::Ordering::Acquire) == 0
                    {
                        crate::scheme::acpi::kstop_set_s3_slp_typ(5);
                    }
                    crate::stop::enter_s3(token)
                }
                _ => Err(Error::new(EINVAL)),
            }
        }),
    ),
];

impl KernelScheme for SysScheme {
    fn scheme_root(&self, token: &mut CleanLockToken) -> Result<usize> {
        let id = HANDLES.write(token.token()).insert(Handle::SchemeRoot);
        Ok(id)
    }
    fn kopenat(
        &self,
        id: usize,
        user_buf: StrOrBytes,
        _flags: usize,
        _fcntl_flags: u32,
        ctx: CallerCtx,
        token: &mut CleanLockToken,
    ) -> Result<OpenResult> {
        if !matches!(HANDLES.read(token.token()).get(id)?, Handle::SchemeRoot) {
            return Err(Error::new(EACCES));
        }

        let path = user_buf
            .as_str()
            .or(Err(Error::new(EINVAL)))?
            .trim_matches('/');

        if path.is_empty() {
            let id = HANDLES.write(token.token()).insert(Handle::TopLevel);

            Ok(OpenResult::SchemeLocal(id, InternalFlags::POSITIONED))
        } else if let Some(rest) = path.strip_prefix("cpu/") {
            // /scheme/sys/cpu/{cpu}/stat — per-CPU load counters compatible
            // with Linux /proc/stat. Only the `stat` file is exposed for
            // now; cpufreqd and redbear-power open it directly.
            let mut parts = rest.split('/').filter(|p| !p.is_empty());
            let cpu_str = parts.next().ok_or(Error::new(EINVAL))?;
            let file = parts.next().ok_or(Error::new(EINVAL))?;
            if parts.next().is_some() || file != "stat" {
                return Err(Error::new(ENOENT));
            }
            let cpu: u32 = cpu_str.parse().map_err(|_| Error::new(EINVAL))?;
            let data = cpu_stat::resource_for(cpu, token)?;
            let id = HANDLES.write(token.token()).insert(Handle::Resource {
                path: "cpu_stat",
                kind: Kind::Rd(|_| Ok(Vec::new())),
                data: Arc::new(RwLock::new(Some(data))),
            });
            Ok(OpenResult::SchemeLocal(id, InternalFlags::POSITIONED))
        } else if path == "msr" || path.starts_with("msr/") {
            // /scheme/sys/msr/{cpu}/0x{msr} — Phase G.1: MSR R/W scheme
            // for cpufreqd and redbear-power. Open is parse-only; reads
            // and writes happen via the handle's read/write paths below.
            // Pass the full "msr/{cpu}/0x{msr}" path to msr::open so it
            // can do its own strip_prefix("msr") and parse the remainder.
            // Stripping here (the previous behavior) left "0/0x199"
            // which msr::open's strip_prefix("msr") rejected with ENOENT,
            // causing every MSR open to fail and cpufreqd to oscillate.
            let handle = msr::open(path, _flags, _fcntl_flags, &ctx, token)?;
            // Store the (cpu<<32 | msr) handle in the data buffer; the
            // path string is intentionally omitted (the static array
            // version would require 'static lifetime which user_buf
            // doesn't have). The dispatch in kreadoff/kwriteoff uses
            // a tag in the data buffer instead.
            let id = HANDLES.write(token.token()).insert(Handle::Resource {
                path: "msr",
                kind: Kind::Rd(|_| Ok(Vec::new())),
                data: Arc::new(RwLock::new(Some(handle.to_le_bytes().to_vec()))),
            });
            Ok(OpenResult::SchemeLocal(id, InternalFlags::POSITIONED))
        } else {
            //Have to iterate to get the path without allocation
            let entry = FILES
                .iter()
                .find(|(entry_path, _)| *entry_path == path)
                .ok_or(Error::new(ENOENT))?;

            if matches!(entry.1, Wr(_)) && ctx.uid != 0 {
                return Err(Error::new(EPERM));
            }

            // TODO: Initialize resources during openat to use them as a snapshot.
            let id = HANDLES.write(token.token()).insert(Handle::Resource {
                path: entry.0,
                kind: entry.1,
                data: Arc::new(RwLock::new(None)),
            });
            Ok(OpenResult::SchemeLocal(id, InternalFlags::POSITIONED))
        }
    }

    fn fsize(&self, id: usize, token: &mut CleanLockToken) -> Result<u64> {
        let (kind, data_lock) = {
            match HANDLES.read(token.token()).get(id)? {
                Handle::TopLevel => return Ok(0),
                Handle::Resource { kind, data, .. } => (*kind, data.clone()),
                Handle::SchemeRoot => return Err(Error::new(EBADF)),
            }
        };
        if matches!(kind, Kind::Wr(_)) {
            return Ok(0);
        }
        let is_data_none = data_lock.write(token.token()).is_none();
        if is_data_none {
            let new_data = kind.generate_data(token)?;
            let mut data_guard = data_lock.write(token.token());
            if data_guard.is_none() {
                *data_guard = Some(new_data);
            }
        }
        let data_guard = data_lock.read(token.token());
        let data = data_guard.as_ref().ok_or(Error::new(EIO))?;

        Ok(data.len() as u64)
    }

    fn close(&self, id: usize, token: &mut CleanLockToken) -> Result<()> {
        HANDLES.write(token.token()).remove(id)?;
        Ok(())
    }
    fn kfpath(&self, id: usize, buf: UserSliceWo, token: &mut CleanLockToken) -> Result<usize> {
        let path = match HANDLES.read(token.token()).get(id)? {
            Handle::TopLevel => "",
            Handle::Resource { path, .. } => path,
            Handle::SchemeRoot => return Err(Error::new(EBADF)),
        };

        const FIRST: &[u8] = b"sys:";
        let mut bytes_read = buf.copy_common_bytes_from_slice(FIRST)?;

        if let Some(remaining) = buf.advance(FIRST.len()) {
            bytes_read += remaining.copy_common_bytes_from_slice(path.as_bytes())?;
        }

        Ok(bytes_read)
    }
    fn kreadoff(
        &self,
        id: usize,
        buffer: UserSliceWo,
        pos: u64,
        _flags: u32,
        _stored_flags: u32,
        token: &mut CleanLockToken,
    ) -> Result<usize> {
        let Ok(pos) = usize::try_from(pos) else {
            return Ok(0);
        };

        // MSR scheme: /scheme/sys/msr/{cpu}/0x{msr_hex} read.
        // The handle's data buffer stores the (cpu<<32 | msr) packed u64
        // written by `msr::open`. Decode, dispatch to msr::read.
        let msr_handle: Option<u64> = decode_msr_handle(id, token);
        if let Some(handle_u64) = msr_handle {
            return msr::read(handle_u64, buffer, token);
        }

        let (kind, data_lock) = {
            match HANDLES.read(token.token()).get(id)? {
                Handle::Resource { kind, data, .. } => (*kind, data.clone()),
                _ => return Err(Error::new(EBADF)),
            }
        };
        let is_data_none = data_lock.write(token.token()).is_none();
        if is_data_none {
            let new_data = kind.generate_data(token)?;
            let mut data_guard = data_lock.write(token.token());
            if data_guard.is_none() {
                *data_guard = Some(new_data);
            }
        }
        let data_guard = data_lock.read(token.token());
        let data = data_guard.as_ref().ok_or(Error::new(EIO))?;
        let avail_buf = data.get(pos..).unwrap_or(&[]);
        buffer.copy_common_bytes_from_slice(avail_buf)
    }
    fn kwriteoff(
        &self,
        id: usize,
        buffer: UserSliceRo,
        _pos: u64,
        _flags: u32,
        _stored_flags: u32,
        token: &mut CleanLockToken,
    ) -> Result<usize> {
        // MSR scheme: /scheme/sys/msr/{cpu}/0x{msr_hex} write.
        // Dispatch to msr::write if the path is an MSR path.
        let msr_handle: Option<u64> = decode_msr_handle(id, token);
        if let Some(handle_u64) = msr_handle {
            return msr::write(handle_u64, buffer, token);
        }

        let (handler, intermediate, len) = match HANDLES.read(token.token()).get(id)? {
            Handle::TopLevel
            | Handle::Resource {
                kind: Kind::Rd(_), ..
            } => return Err(Error::new(EISDIR)),
            Handle::Resource {
                kind: Kind::Wr(handler),
                ..
            } => {
                let mut intermediate = [0_u8; 256];
                let len = buffer.copy_common_bytes_to_slice(&mut intermediate)?;
                (*handler, intermediate, len)
            }
            Handle::SchemeRoot => return Err(Error::new(EBADF)),
        };
        handler(&intermediate[..len], token)
    }
    fn getdents(
        &self,
        id: usize,
        buf: UserSliceWo,
        header_size: u16,
        first_index: u64,
        token: &mut CleanLockToken,
    ) -> Result<usize> {
        let Ok(first_index) = usize::try_from(first_index) else {
            return Ok(0);
        };
        match HANDLES.read(token.token()).get(id)? {
            Handle::Resource { .. } => Err(Error::new(ENOTDIR)),
            Handle::TopLevel => {
                let mut buf = DirentBuf::new(buf, header_size).ok_or(Error::new(EIO))?;
                for (this_idx, (name, _)) in FILES.iter().enumerate().skip(first_index) {
                    buf.entry(DirEntry {
                        inode: this_idx as u64,
                        next_opaque_id: this_idx as u64 + 1,
                        kind: DirentKind::Regular,
                        name,
                    })?;
                }
                Ok(buf.finalize())
            }
            Handle::SchemeRoot => Err(Error::new(EBADF)),
        }
    }

    fn kfstat(&self, id: usize, buf: UserSliceWo, token: &mut CleanLockToken) -> Result<()> {
        let stat_base = {
            let handles = HANDLES.read(token.token());
            match handles.get(id)? {
                Handle::Resource { kind, data, .. } => Some((*kind, data.clone())),
                Handle::TopLevel => None,
                Handle::SchemeRoot => return Err(Error::new(EBADF)),
            }
        };
        let stat = if let Some((kind, data_lock)) = stat_base {
            let is_data_none = data_lock.write(token.token()).is_none();
            if is_data_none {
                let new_data = kind.generate_data(token)?;
                let mut data_guard = data_lock.write(token.token());
                if data_guard.is_none() {
                    *data_guard = Some(new_data);
                }
            }
            let data_guard = data_lock.read(token.token());
            let data = data_guard.as_ref().ok_or(Error::new(EIO))?;
            let size = match kind {
                Kind::Rd(_) => data.len() as u64,
                Kind::Wr(_) => 0,
            };
            Stat {
                st_mode: 0o666 | MODE_FILE,
                st_uid: 0,
                st_gid: 0,
                st_size: size,
                ..Default::default()
            }
        } else {
            Stat {
                st_mode: 0o444 | MODE_DIR,
                st_uid: 0,
                st_gid: 0,
                st_size: 0,
                ..Default::default()
            }
        };
        buf.copy_exactly(&stat)?;

        Ok(())
    }
}