redoxfs: import Vec from alloc for no_std builds (bootloader dependency)

Semver pre-release suffix (-rb0.2.5) breaks Cargo's [patch.crates-io]
matching for transitive deps. Build metadata (+rb0.2.5) is semver-
compatible: ^0.9.0 matches 0.9.0+rb0.2.5, patch redirection works,
and the Red Bear suffix is still visible in the version string.

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,4 @@
-/target/
+target
+image.bin
+image
+image*

.gitlab-ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+image: "redoxos/redoxer"
+
+workflow:
+  rules:
+    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "master" && $CI_PROJECT_NAMESPACE == "redox-os"'
+    - if: '$CI_MERGE_REQUEST_TARGET_BRANCH_NAME == "master"'
+
+stages:
+    - build
+    - test
+
+build:linux:
+    stage: build
+    script: cargo +nightly build --verbose
+
+build:redox:
+    stage: build
+    script: redoxer build --verbose
+
+test:linux:
+    stage: test
+    dependencies:
+        - build:linux
+    script: cargo +nightly test --verbose
+
+test:redox:
+    stage: test
+    dependencies:
+        - build:redox
+    # only run integration test as without KVM unit tests is super slow
+    script: redoxer test --verbose -- --test '*' -- --nocapture

.travis.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,21 @@
+sudo: required
 language: rust
 rust:
   - nightly
-sudo: false
+os:
+  - linux
+  - osx
+dist: trusty
+before_install:
+  - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = "linux" ]; then
+      sudo apt-get install -qq pkg-config fuse libfuse-dev;
+      sudo modprobe fuse;
+      sudo chmod 666 /dev/fuse;
+      sudo chown root:$USER /etc/fuse.conf;
+    fi
+  - if [ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" = "osx" ]; then
+        brew update;
+        brew install Caskroom/cask/osxfuse;
+    fi
 notifications:
   email: false

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Cargo.toml

@@ -1,82 +1,101 @@
 [package]
-name = "userutils"
+name = "redoxfs"
-version = "0.1.0+rb0.2.5"
+description = "The Redox Filesystem"
+repository = "https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/redoxfs"
+version = "0.9.1+rb0.2.5"
+license-file = "LICENSE"
+readme = "README.md"
 authors = ["Jeremy Soller <jackpot51@gmail.com>", "vasilito <adminpupkin@gmail.com>"]
-edition = "2024"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[lib]
+name = "redoxfs"
+path = "src/lib.rs"
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "id"
+name = "redoxfs"
-path = "src/bin/id.rs"
+path = "src/bin/mount.rs"
+doc = false
+required-features = ["std"]
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "getty"
+name = "redoxfs-ar"
-path = "src/bin/getty.rs"
+path = "src/bin/ar.rs"
+doc = false
+required-features = ["std"]
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "groupadd"
+name = "redoxfs-clone"
-path = "src/bin/groupadd.rs"
+path = "src/bin/clone.rs"
+doc = false
+required-features = ["std"]
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "groupdel"
+name = "redoxfs-mkfs"
-path = "src/bin/groupdel.rs"
+path = "src/bin/mkfs.rs"
+doc = false
+required-features = ["std"]
 
 [[bin]]
-name = "groupmod"
+name = "redoxfs-resize"
-path = "src/bin/groupmod.rs"
+path = "src/bin/resize.rs"
-
+doc = false
-[[bin]]
+required-features = ["std"]
-name = "login"
-path = "src/bin/login.rs"
-
-[[bin]]
-name = "passwd"
-path = "src/bin/passwd.rs"
-
-[[bin]]
-name = "su"
-path = "src/bin/su.rs"
-
-[[bin]]
-name = "sudo"
-path = "src/bin/sudo.rs"
-
-[[bin]]
-name = "useradd"
-path = "src/bin/useradd.rs"
-
-[[bin]]
-name = "userdel"
-path = "src/bin/userdel.rs"
-
-[[bin]]
-name = "usermod"
-path = "src/bin/usermod.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
-clap = "2.33.0"
+aes = { version = "0.8", default-features = false }
-extra = { git = "https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/libextra.git" }
+argon2 = { version = "0.4", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
-orbclient = "0.3.47"
+base64ct = { version = "1", default-features = false }
-plain = "0.2.3"
+bitflags = "2"
-redox_liner = "0.5.2"
+endian-num = "0.1"
-libredox = { path = "../libredox", features = ["mkns"] }
+env_logger = { version = "0.11", optional = true }
-redox_termios = "0.1.3"
+getrandom = { version = "0.2.5", optional = true }
-redox_event = "0.4.3"
+humansize = { version = "2", optional = true }
-redox-scheme = { path = "../redox-scheme" }
-redox_syscall = { path = "../syscall" }
-redox_users = "0.4.6"
-termion = "4"
 libc = "0.2"
-serde = { version = "1.0.203", features = ["derive"] }
+log = { version = "0.4.14", default-features = false, optional = true }
-toml = "0.8.11"
+lz4_flex = { version = "0.11", default-features = false, features = ["checked-decode"] }
-ioslice = "0.6"
+parse-size = { version = "1", optional = true }
+range-tree = { version = "0.1", optional = true }
+redox_syscall = { path = "../syscall" }
+seahash = { version = "4.1.0", default-features = false }
+termion = { version = "4", optional = true }
+uuid = { version = "1.4", default-features = false }
+xts-mode = { version = "0.5", default-features = false }
+
+[features]
+default = ["std", "log", "fuse"]
+fuse = [
+    "fuser",
+    "std",
+]
+std = [
+    "env_logger",
+    "getrandom",
+    "humansize",
+    "libredox",
+    "parse-size",
+    "range-tree",
+    "termion",
+    "uuid/v4",
+    "redox_syscall/std",
+    "redox-scheme",
+]
+
+[target.'cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))'.dependencies]
+fuser = { version = "0.16", optional = true }
 
 [target.'cfg(target_os = "redox")'.dependencies]
-redox-rt = { git = "https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/relibc", default-features = false }
+libredox = { path = "../libredox", optional = true }
+redox-path = "0.3.0"
+redox-scheme = { path = "../redox-scheme", optional = true }
+
+[lints.rust]
+unexpected_cfgs = { level = "warn", check-cfg = ['cfg(fuzzing)'] }
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+assert_cmd = "2.0.17"
 
 [patch.crates-io]
 redox_syscall = { path = "../syscall" }
 libredox = { path = "../libredox" }
 redox-scheme = { path = "../redox-scheme" }
-
-[profile.release]
-lto = true

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 The MIT License (MIT)
 
-Copyright (c) 2016 The Redox developers
+Copyright (c) 2016 Jeremy Soller
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+UNAME := $(shell uname)
+
+ifeq ($(UNAME),Darwin)
+	FUMOUNT=umount
+else ifeq ($(UNAME),FreeBSD)
+	FUMOUNT=sudo umount
+else
+	# Detect which version of the fusermount binary is available.
+	ifneq (, $(shell which fusermount3))
+		FUMOUNT=fusermount3 -u
+	else
+		FUMOUNT=fusermount -u
+	endif
+endif
+
+image.bin:
+	cargo build --release --bin redoxfs-mkfs
+	dd if=/dev/zero of=image.bin bs=1048576 count=1024
+	target/release/redoxfs-mkfs image.bin
+
+mount: image.bin FORCE
+	mkdir -p image
+	cargo build --release --bin redoxfs
+	target/release/redoxfs image.bin image
+
+unmount: FORCE
+	sync
+	-${FUMOUNT} image
+	rm -rf image
+
+clean: FORCE
+	sync
+	-${FUMOUNT} image
+	rm -rf image image.bin
+	cargo clean
+
+FORCE:

README.md

@@ -1,24 +1,53 @@
-# Redox OS user and group utilities.
+# RedoxFS
 
-The `userutils` crate contains the utilities for dealing with users and groups in Redox OS.
+This is the default filesystem of Redox OS inspired by [ZFS](https://docs.freebsd.org/en/books/handbook/zfs/) and adapted to a microkernel architecture.
-They are heavily influenced by UNIX and are, when needed, tailored to specific Redox use cases.
 
-These implementations strive to be as simple as possible drawing particular
+(It's a replacement for [TFS](https://gitlab.redox-os.org/redox-os/tfs))
-inspiration by BSD systems. They are indeed small, by choice.
 
-[![Travis Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/redox-os/userutils.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/redox-os/userutils)
+Current features:
 
-**Currently included:**
+- Compatible with Redox and Linux (FUSE)
+- Copy-on-write
+- Data/metadata checksums
+- Transparent encryption
+- Standard Unix file attributes
+- File/directory size limit up to 193TiB (212TB)
+- File/directory quantity limit up to 4 billion per 193TiB (2^32 - 1 = 4294967295)
+- MIT licensed
+- Disk encryption fully supported by the Redox bootloader, letting it load the kernel off an encrypted partition.
 
-- `getty`: Used by `init(8)` to open and initialize the TTY line, read a login name and invoke `login(1)`.
+Being MIT licensed, RedoxFS can be bundled on GPL-licensed operating systems (Linux, for example).
-- `id`: Displays user identity.
+
-- `login`: Allows users to login into the system
+### Install RedoxFS
-- `passwd`: Allows users to modify their passwords.
+
-- `su`: Allows users to substitute identity.
+```sh
-- `sudo`: Enables users to execute a command as another user.
+cargo install redoxfs
-- `useradd`: Add a user
+```
-- `usermod`: Modify user information
+
-- `userdel`: Delete a user
+You can also build RedoxFS from this repository.
-- `groupadd`: Add a user group
+
-- `groupmod`: Modify group information
+### Configure your storage device to allow rootless usage
-- `groupdel`: Remove a user group
+
+If you are on Linux you need root permission to acess block devices (storage), but it's recommended to run RedoxFS as rootless.
+
+To do that you need to configure your storage device permission to your user with the following command:
+
+```sh
+sudo setfacl -m u:your-username:rw /path/to/disk
+```
+
+### Create, mount and customize your RedoxFS partition
+
+See [the instructions in the book](https://doc.redox-os.org/book/redoxfs.html) for RedoxFS tooling usage.
+
+Currently RedoxFS tooling are:
+
+- `redoxfs` mount a RedoxFS disk
+- `redoxfs-ar` write files to a RedoxFS disk
+- `redoxfs-clone` clone a RedoxFS disk
+- `redoxfs-mkfs` create an empty RedoxFS disk
+- `redoxfs-resize` resize a RedoxFS disk
+
+[![MIT licensed](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](./LICENSE)
+[![crates.io](http://meritbadge.herokuapp.com/redoxfs)](https://crates.io/crates/redoxfs)
+[![docs.rs](https://docs.rs/redoxfs/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/redoxfs)

fuzz/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+target
+corpus
+artifacts
+coverage

fuzz/Cargo.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,858 @@
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+# It is not intended for manual editing.
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+ "windows_i686_gnu",
+ "windows_i686_gnullvm",
+ "windows_i686_msvc",
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+dependencies = [
+ "byteorder",
+ "cipher",
+]
+
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+ "zerocopy-derive",
+]
+
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+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]

fuzz/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+[package]
+name = "redoxfs-fuzz"
+version = "0.0.0"
+publish = false
+edition = "2021"
+
+[features]
+default = []
+log = []
+
+[package.metadata]
+cargo-fuzz = true
+
+[dependencies]
+anyhow = "1.0.86"
+arbitrary = { version = "1.3.2", features = ["derive"] }
+fuser = { version = "0.16" }
+libfuzzer-sys = "0.4"
+nix = { version = "0.29.0", features = ["fs"] }
+tempfile = "3.10.1"
+
+[dependencies.redoxfs]
+path = ".."
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "fuse_fuzz_target"
+path = "fuzz_targets/fuse_fuzz_target.rs"
+test = false
+doc = false
+bench = false

fuzz/fuzz_targets/fuse_fuzz_target.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+//! Fuzzer that exercises random file system operations against a FUSE-mounted redoxfs.
+
+#![no_main]
+
+use anyhow::{ensure, Result};
+use fuser;
+use libfuzzer_sys::{arbitrary::Arbitrary, fuzz_target, Corpus};
+use nix::sys::statvfs::statvfs;
+use std::{
+    fs::{self, File, FileTimes, OpenOptions},
+    io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom, Write},
+    os::unix::fs::{self as unix_fs, PermissionsExt},
+    path::{Path, PathBuf},
+    thread,
+    time::{Duration, SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH},
+};
+use tempfile;
+
+use redoxfs::{mount::fuse::Fuse, DiskSparse, FileSystem};
+
+/// Maximum size for files and buffers. Chosen arbitrarily with fuzzing performance in mind.
+const MAX_SIZE: u64 = 10_000_000;
+/// Limit on the number of remounts in a single test case. Chosen arbitrarily with fuzzing
+/// performance in mind: remounts are costly.
+const MAX_MOUNT_SEQUENCES: usize = 3;
+
+/// An operation to be performed by the fuzzer.
+#[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug)]
+enum Operation {
+    Chown {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        uid: Option<u32>,
+        gid: Option<u32>,
+    },
+    CreateDir {
+        path: PathBuf,
+    },
+    HardLink {
+        original: PathBuf,
+        link: PathBuf,
+    },
+    Metadata {
+        path: PathBuf,
+    },
+    Read {
+        path: PathBuf,
+    },
+    ReadDir {
+        path: PathBuf,
+    },
+    ReadLink {
+        path: PathBuf,
+    },
+    RemoveDir {
+        path: PathBuf,
+    },
+    RemoveFile {
+        path: PathBuf,
+    },
+    Rename {
+        from: PathBuf,
+        to: PathBuf,
+    },
+    SeekRead {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        seek_pos: u64,
+        buf_size: usize,
+    },
+    SeekWrite {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        seek_pos: u64,
+        buf_size: usize,
+    },
+    SetLen {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        size: u64,
+    },
+    SetPermissions {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        readonly: Option<bool>,
+        mode: Option<u32>,
+    },
+    SetTimes {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        accessed_since_epoch: Option<Duration>,
+        modified_since_epoch: Option<Duration>,
+    },
+    Statvfs {},
+    SymLink {
+        original: PathBuf,
+        link: PathBuf,
+    },
+    Write {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        buf_size: usize,
+    },
+}
+
+/// Parameters for mounting the file system and operations to be performed afterwards.
+#[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug)]
+struct MountSequence {
+    cleanup: bool,
+    operations: Vec<Operation>,
+}
+
+/// The whole input to a single fuzzer invocation.
+#[derive(Arbitrary, Clone, Debug)]
+struct TestCase {
+    disk_size: u64,
+    reserved_size: u64,
+    mount_sequences: Vec<MountSequence>,
+}
+
+/// Creates the disk for backing the Redoxfs.
+fn create_disk(temp_path: &Path, disk_size: u64) -> DiskSparse {
+    let disk_path = temp_path.join("disk.img");
+    DiskSparse::create(disk_path, disk_size).unwrap()
+}
+
+/// Creates an empty Redoxfs.
+fn create_redoxfs(disk: DiskSparse, reserved_size: u64) -> bool {
+    let password = None;
+    let reserved = vec![0; reserved_size as usize];
+    let ctime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+    FileSystem::create_reserved(
+        disk,
+        password,
+        &reserved,
+        ctime.as_secs(),
+        ctime.subsec_nanos(),
+    )
+    .is_ok()
+}
+
+/// Mounts an existing Redoxfs, runs the callback and performs the unmount.
+fn with_redoxfs_mount<F>(temp_path: &Path, disk: DiskSparse, cleanup: bool, callback: F)
+where
+    F: FnOnce(&Path) + Send + 'static,
+{
+    let password = None;
+    let block = None;
+    let mut fs = FileSystem::open(disk, password, block, cleanup).unwrap();
+
+    let mount_path = temp_path.join("mount");
+    fs::create_dir_all(&mount_path).unwrap();
+    let mut session = fuser::Session::new(Fuse { fs: &mut fs }, &mount_path, &[]).unwrap();
+    let mut unmounter = session.unmount_callable();
+
+    let join_handle = thread::spawn(move || {
+        callback(&mount_path);
+        unmounter.unmount().unwrap();
+    });
+
+    session.run().unwrap();
+    join_handle.join().unwrap();
+}
+
+fn get_path_within_fs(fs_path: &Path, path_to_add: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf> {
+    ensure!(path_to_add.is_relative());
+    ensure!(path_to_add
+        .components()
+        .all(|c| c != std::path::Component::ParentDir));
+    Ok(fs_path.join(path_to_add))
+}
+
+fn do_operation(fs_path: &Path, op: &Operation) -> Result<()> {
+    match op {
+        Operation::Chown { path, uid, gid } => {
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            unix_fs::chown(path, *uid, *gid)?;
+        }
+        Operation::CreateDir { path } => {
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            fs::create_dir(path)?;
+        }
+        Operation::HardLink { original, link } => {
+            let original = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, original)?;
+            let link = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, link)?;
+            fs::hard_link(original, link)?;
+        }
+        Operation::Metadata { path } => {
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            fs::metadata(path)?;
+        }
+        Operation::Read { path } => {
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            fs::read(path)?;
+        }
+        Operation::ReadDir { path } => {
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            let _ = fs::read_dir(path)?.count();
+        }
+        Operation::ReadLink { path } => {
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            fs::read_link(path)?;
+        }
+        Operation::RemoveDir { path } => {
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            fs::remove_dir(path)?;
+        }
+        Operation::RemoveFile { path } => {
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            fs::remove_file(path)?;
+        }
+        Operation::Rename { from, to } => {
+            let from = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, from)?;
+            let to = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, to)?;
+            fs::rename(from, to)?;
+        }
+        Operation::SeekRead {
+            path,
+            seek_pos,
+            buf_size,
+        } => {
+            ensure!(*buf_size as u64 <= MAX_SIZE);
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            let mut file = File::open(path)?;
+            file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(*seek_pos))?;
+            let mut buf = vec![0; *buf_size];
+            file.read(&mut buf)?;
+        }
+        Operation::SeekWrite {
+            path,
+            seek_pos,
+            buf_size,
+        } => {
+            ensure!(*seek_pos <= MAX_SIZE);
+            ensure!(*buf_size as u64 <= MAX_SIZE);
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            let mut file = OpenOptions::new().write(true).open(path)?;
+            file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(*seek_pos))?;
+            let buf = vec![0; *buf_size];
+            file.write(&buf)?;
+        }
+        Operation::SetLen { path, size } => {
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            let file = OpenOptions::new().write(true).open(path)?;
+            file.set_len(*size)?;
+        }
+        Operation::SetPermissions {
+            path,
+            readonly,
+            mode,
+        } => {
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            let metadata = fs::metadata(&path)?;
+            let mut perms = metadata.permissions();
+            if let Some(readonly) = readonly {
+                perms.set_readonly(*readonly);
+            }
+            if let Some(mode) = mode {
+                perms.set_mode(*mode);
+            }
+            fs::set_permissions(path, perms)?;
+        }
+        Operation::SetTimes {
+            path,
+            accessed_since_epoch,
+            modified_since_epoch,
+        } => {
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            let file = File::options().write(true).open(path)?;
+            let mut times = FileTimes::new();
+            if let Some(accessed_since_epoch) = accessed_since_epoch {
+                if let Some(accessed) = UNIX_EPOCH.checked_add(*accessed_since_epoch) {
+                    times = times.set_accessed(accessed);
+                }
+            }
+            if let Some(modified_since_epoch) = modified_since_epoch {
+                if let Some(modified) = UNIX_EPOCH.checked_add(*modified_since_epoch) {
+                    times = times.set_modified(modified);
+                }
+            }
+            file.set_times(times)?;
+        }
+        Operation::Statvfs {} => {
+            statvfs(fs_path)?;
+        }
+        Operation::SymLink { original, link } => {
+            let original = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, original)?;
+            let link = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, link)?;
+            unix_fs::symlink(original, link)?;
+        }
+        Operation::Write { path, buf_size } => {
+            ensure!(*buf_size as u64 <= MAX_SIZE);
+            let path = get_path_within_fs(fs_path, path)?;
+            let buf = vec![0; *buf_size];
+            fs::write(path, &buf)?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fuzz_target!(|test_case: TestCase| -> Corpus {
+    if test_case.disk_size > MAX_SIZE
+        || test_case.reserved_size > MAX_SIZE
+        || test_case.mount_sequences.len() > MAX_MOUNT_SEQUENCES
+    {
+        return Corpus::Reject;
+    }
+
+    let temp_dir = tempfile::Builder::new()
+        .prefix("fuse_fuzz_target")
+        .tempdir()
+        .unwrap();
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "log")]
+    eprintln!("create fs");
+    let disk = create_disk(temp_dir.path(), test_case.disk_size);
+    if !create_redoxfs(disk, test_case.reserved_size) {
+        // File system creation failed (e.g., due to insufficient space) so we bail out, still
+        // exercising this code path is useful.
+        return Corpus::Keep;
+    }
+
+    for mount_seq in test_case.mount_sequences.iter() {
+        #[cfg(feature = "log")]
+        eprintln!("mount fs: path {:?}, size{}", temp_dir.path(), test_case.disk_size);
+
+        let disk = create_disk(temp_dir.path(), test_case.disk_size);
+        let operations = mount_seq.operations.clone();
+        with_redoxfs_mount(temp_dir.path(), disk, mount_seq.cleanup, move |fs_path| {
+            for operation in operations.iter() {
+                #[cfg(feature = "log")]
+                eprintln!("do operation {operation:?}");
+
+                let _result = do_operation(fs_path, operation);
+
+                #[cfg(feature = "log")]
+                eprintln!("operation result {:?}", _result.err());
+            }
+        });
+
+        #[cfg(feature = "log")]
+        eprintln!("unmounted fs");
+    }
+    Corpus::Keep
+});

res/issue

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-########## Red Bear OS #########
-# Login with the following:    #
-# `user`                       #
-# `root`:`password`            #
-################################
- 

res/issue.orig

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-########## Redox OS ##########
-# Login with the following:  #
-# `user`                     #
-# `root`:`password`          #
-##############################
- 

res/motd

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-Welcome to Red Bear OS!
- 

src/allocator.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+use alloc::{collections::BTreeSet, vec::Vec};
+use core::{fmt, mem, ops, slice};
+use endian_num::Le;
+
+use crate::{BlockAddr, BlockLevel, BlockMeta, BlockPtr, BlockTrait, Node, TreePtr, BLOCK_SIZE};
+
+pub const ALLOC_LIST_ENTRIES: usize =
+    (BLOCK_SIZE as usize - mem::size_of::<BlockPtr<AllocList>>()) / mem::size_of::<AllocEntry>();
+pub const RELEASE_LIST_ENTRIES: usize = (BLOCK_SIZE as usize
+    - mem::size_of::<BlockPtr<ReleaseList>>())
+    / mem::size_of::<TreePtr<Node>>();
+
+/// The RedoxFS block allocator. This struct manages all "data" blocks in RedoxFS
+/// (i.e, all blocks that aren't reserved or part of the header chain).
+///
+/// [`Allocator`] can allocate blocks of many "levels"---that is, it can
+/// allocate multiple consecutive [`BLOCK_SIZE`] blocks in one operation.
+///
+/// This reduces the amount of memory that the [`Allocator`] uses:
+/// Instead of storing the index of each free [`BLOCK_SIZE`] block,
+/// the `levels` array can keep track of higher-level blocks, splitting
+/// them when a smaller block is requested.
+///
+/// Higher-level blocks also allow us to more efficiently allocate memory
+/// for large files.
+#[derive(Clone, Default)]
+pub struct Allocator {
+    /// This array keeps track of all free blocks of each level,
+    /// and is initialized using the AllocList chain when we open the filesystem.
+    ///
+    /// Every element of the outer array represents a block level:
+    /// - item 0: free level 0 blocks (with size [`BLOCK_SIZE`])
+    /// - item 1: free level 1 blocks (with size 2*[`BLOCK_SIZE`])
+    /// - item 2: free level 2 blocks (with size 4*[`BLOCK_SIZE`])
+    /// ...and so on.
+    ///
+    /// Each inner array contains a list of free block indices,
+    levels: Vec<BTreeSet<u64>>,
+}
+
+impl Allocator {
+    pub fn levels(&self) -> &Vec<BTreeSet<u64>> {
+        &self.levels
+    }
+
+    /// Count the number of free [`BLOCK_SIZE`] available to this [`Allocator`].
+    pub fn free(&self) -> u64 {
+        let mut free = 0;
+        for level in 0..self.levels.len() {
+            let level_size = 1 << level;
+            free += self.levels[level].len() as u64 * level_size;
+        }
+        free
+    }
+
+    /// Find a free block of the given level, mark it as "used", and return its address.
+    /// Returns [`None`] if there are no free blocks with this level.
+    pub fn allocate(&mut self, meta: BlockMeta) -> Option<BlockAddr> {
+        // First, find the lowest level with a free block
+        let mut free_opt = None;
+        {
+            let mut level = meta.level.0;
+            // Start searching at the level we want. Smaller levels are too small!
+            while level < self.levels.len() {
+                if let Some(&index) = self.levels[level].first() {
+                    // Find the index closest to the start of the filesystem
+                    free_opt = match free_opt {
+                        Some((free_level, free_index)) if free_index <= index => {
+                            Some((free_level, free_index))
+                        }
+                        _ => Some((level, index)),
+                    };
+                }
+                level += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If a free block was found, split it until we find a usable block of the right level.
+        // The left side of the split block is kept free, and the right side is allocated.
+        let (mut level, index) = free_opt?;
+        self.levels[level].remove(&index);
+        while level > meta.level.0 {
+            level -= 1;
+            let level_size = 1 << level;
+            self.levels[level].insert(index + level_size);
+        }
+
+        Some(unsafe { BlockAddr::new(index, meta) })
+    }
+
+    /// Try to allocate the exact block specified, making all necessary splits.
+    /// Returns [`None`] if this some (or all) of this block is already allocated.
+    ///
+    /// Note that [`BlockAddr`] encodes the blocks location _and_ level.
+    pub fn allocate_exact(&mut self, exact_addr: BlockAddr) -> Option<BlockAddr> {
+        // This function only supports level 0 right now
+        assert_eq!(exact_addr.level().0, 0);
+        let exact_index = exact_addr.index();
+
+        let mut index_opt = None;
+
+        // Go from the highest to the lowest level
+        for level in (0..self.levels.len()).rev() {
+            let level_size = 1 << level;
+
+            // Split higher block if found
+            if let Some(index) = index_opt.take() {
+                self.levels[level].insert(index);
+                self.levels[level].insert(index + level_size);
+            }
+
+            // Look for matching block and remove it
+            for &start in self.levels[level].iter() {
+                if start <= exact_index {
+                    let end = start + level_size;
+                    if end > exact_index {
+                        self.levels[level].remove(&start);
+                        index_opt = Some(start);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Some(unsafe { BlockAddr::new(index_opt?, exact_addr.meta()) })
+    }
+
+    /// Deallocate the given block, marking it "free" so that it can be re-used later.
+    pub fn deallocate(&mut self, addr: BlockAddr) {
+        // When we deallocate, we check if block we're deallocating has a free sibling.
+        // If it does, we join the two to create one free block in the next (higher) level.
+        //
+        // We repeat this until we no longer have a sibling to join.
+        let mut index = addr.index();
+        let mut level = addr.level().0;
+        loop {
+            while level >= self.levels.len() {
+                self.levels.push(BTreeSet::new());
+            }
+
+            let level_size = 1 << level;
+            let next_size = level_size << 1;
+
+            let mut found = false;
+            // look at all free blocks in the current level...
+            for &level_index in self.levels[level].iter() {
+                // - the block we just freed aligns with the next largest block, and
+                // - the second block we're looking at is the right sibling of this block
+                if index % next_size == 0 && index + level_size == level_index {
+                    // "alloc" the next highest block, repeat deallocation process.
+                    self.levels[level].remove(&level_index);
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                // - the index of this block doesn't align with the next largest block, and
+                // - the block we're looking at is the left neighbor of this block
+                } else if level_index % next_size == 0 && level_index + level_size == index {
+                    // "alloc" the next highest block, repeat deallocation process.
+                    self.levels[level].remove(&level_index);
+                    index = level_index; // index moves to left block
+                    found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // We couldn't find a higher block,
+            // deallocate this one and finish
+            if !found {
+                self.levels[level].insert(index);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // repeat deallocation process on the
+            // higher-level block we just created.
+            level += 1;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, Debug)]
+pub struct AllocEntry {
+    /// The index of the first block this [`AllocEntry`] refers to
+    index: Le<u64>,
+
+    /// The number of blocks after (and including) `index` that are are free or used.
+    /// If negative, they are used; if positive, they are free.
+    count: Le<i64>,
+}
+
+impl AllocEntry {
+    pub fn new(index: u64, count: i64) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            index: index.into(),
+            count: count.into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn allocate(addr: BlockAddr) -> Self {
+        Self::new(addr.index(), -addr.level().blocks::<i64>())
+    }
+
+    pub fn deallocate(addr: BlockAddr) -> Self {
+        Self::new(addr.index(), addr.level().blocks::<i64>())
+    }
+
+    pub fn index(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.index.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    pub fn count(&self) -> i64 {
+        self.count.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
+        self.count() == 0
+    }
+}
+
+/// A node in the allocation chain.
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct AllocList {
+    /// A pointer to the previous AllocList.
+    /// If this is the null pointer, this is the first element of the chain.
+    pub prev: BlockPtr<AllocList>,
+
+    /// Allocation entries.
+    pub entries: [AllocEntry; ALLOC_LIST_ENTRIES],
+}
+
+unsafe impl BlockTrait for AllocList {
+    fn empty(level: BlockLevel) -> Option<Self> {
+        if level.0 == 0 {
+            Some(Self {
+                prev: BlockPtr::default(),
+                entries: [AllocEntry::default(); ALLOC_LIST_ENTRIES],
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for AllocList {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let prev = self.prev;
+        let entries: Vec<&AllocEntry> = self
+            .entries
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|entry| entry.count() > 0)
+            .collect();
+        f.debug_struct("AllocList")
+            .field("prev", &prev)
+            .field("entries", &entries)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Deref for AllocList {
+    type Target = [u8];
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts(
+                self as *const AllocList as *const u8,
+                mem::size_of::<AllocList>(),
+            ) as &[u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::DerefMut for AllocList {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
+                self as *mut AllocList as *mut u8,
+                mem::size_of::<AllocList>(),
+            ) as &mut [u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A list of nodes pending release.
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct ReleaseList {
+    /// A pointer to the previous ReleaseList.
+    /// If this is the null pointer, this is the first element of the chain.
+    pub prev: BlockPtr<ReleaseList>,
+
+    /// Allocation entries.
+    pub entries: [TreePtr<Node>; RELEASE_LIST_ENTRIES],
+}
+
+unsafe impl BlockTrait for ReleaseList {
+    fn empty(level: BlockLevel) -> Option<Self> {
+        if level.0 == 0 {
+            Some(Self {
+                prev: BlockPtr::default(),
+                entries: [TreePtr::<Node>::default(); RELEASE_LIST_ENTRIES],
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for ReleaseList {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let prev = self.prev;
+        let entries: Vec<_> = self
+            .entries
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|entry| !entry.is_null())
+            .map(|entry| entry.id())
+            .collect();
+        f.debug_struct("ReleaseList")
+            .field("prev", &prev)
+            .field("entries", &entries)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Deref for ReleaseList {
+    type Target = [u8];
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts(
+                self as *const ReleaseList as *const u8,
+                mem::size_of::<ReleaseList>(),
+            ) as &[u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::DerefMut for ReleaseList {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
+                self as *mut ReleaseList as *mut u8,
+                mem::size_of::<ReleaseList>(),
+            ) as &mut [u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn alloc_node_size_test() {
+    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<AllocList>(), crate::BLOCK_SIZE as usize);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn release_node_size_test() {
+    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<ReleaseList>(), crate::BLOCK_SIZE as usize);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn allocator_test() {
+    let mut alloc = Allocator::default();
+
+    assert_eq!(alloc.allocate(BlockMeta::default()), None);
+
+    alloc.deallocate(unsafe { BlockAddr::new(1, BlockMeta::default()) });
+    assert_eq!(
+        alloc.allocate(BlockMeta::default()),
+        Some(unsafe { BlockAddr::new(1, BlockMeta::default()) })
+    );
+    assert_eq!(alloc.allocate(BlockMeta::default()), None);
+
+    for addr in 1023..2048 {
+        alloc.deallocate(unsafe { BlockAddr::new(addr, BlockMeta::default()) });
+    }
+
+    assert_eq!(alloc.levels.len(), 11);
+    for level in 0..alloc.levels.len() {
+        if level == 0 {
+            assert_eq!(alloc.levels[level], [1023].into());
+        } else if level == 10 {
+            assert_eq!(alloc.levels[level], [1024].into());
+        } else {
+            assert_eq!(alloc.levels[level], [0u64; 0].into());
+        }
+    }
+
+    for addr in 1023..2048 {
+        assert_eq!(
+            alloc.allocate(BlockMeta::default()),
+            Some(unsafe { BlockAddr::new(addr, BlockMeta::default()) })
+        );
+    }
+    assert_eq!(alloc.allocate(BlockMeta::default()), None);
+
+    assert_eq!(alloc.levels.len(), 11);
+    for level in 0..alloc.levels.len() {
+        assert_eq!(alloc.levels[level], [0u64; 0].into());
+    }
+}

src/archive.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+use std::fs;
+use std::io;
+use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
+use std::os::unix::fs::MetadataExt;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use crate::{Disk, FileSystem, Node, Transaction, TreePtr, BLOCK_SIZE};
+
+fn syscall_err(err: syscall::Error) -> io::Error {
+    io::Error::from_raw_os_error(err.errno)
+}
+
+pub fn archive_at<D: Disk, P: AsRef<Path>>(
+    tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    parent_path: P,
+    parent_ptr: TreePtr<Node>,
+) -> io::Result<()> {
+    for entry_res in fs::read_dir(parent_path)? {
+        let entry = entry_res?;
+
+        let metadata = entry.metadata()?;
+        let file_type = metadata.file_type();
+
+        let name = entry.file_name().into_string().map_err(|_| {
+            io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, "filename is not valid UTF-8")
+        })?;
+
+        let mode_type = if file_type.is_dir() {
+            Node::MODE_DIR
+        } else if file_type.is_file() {
+            Node::MODE_FILE
+        } else if file_type.is_symlink() {
+            Node::MODE_SYMLINK
+        } else {
+            return Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                format!("Does not support parsing {:?}", file_type),
+            ));
+        };
+
+        let node_ptr;
+        {
+            let mode = mode_type | (metadata.mode() as u16 & Node::MODE_PERM);
+            let mut node = tx
+                .create_node(
+                    parent_ptr,
+                    &name,
+                    mode,
+                    metadata.ctime() as u64,
+                    metadata.ctime_nsec() as u32,
+                )
+                .map_err(syscall_err)?;
+
+            node_ptr = node.ptr();
+
+            if node.data().uid() != metadata.uid() || node.data().gid() != metadata.gid() {
+                node.data_mut().set_uid(metadata.uid());
+                node.data_mut().set_gid(metadata.gid());
+                tx.sync_tree(node).map_err(syscall_err)?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let path = entry.path();
+        if file_type.is_dir() {
+            archive_at(tx, path, node_ptr)?;
+        } else if file_type.is_file() {
+            let data = fs::read(path)?;
+            let count = tx
+                .write_node(
+                    node_ptr,
+                    0,
+                    &data,
+                    metadata.mtime() as u64,
+                    metadata.mtime_nsec() as u32,
+                )
+                .map_err(syscall_err)?;
+            if count != data.len() {
+                panic!("file write count {} != {}", count, data.len());
+            }
+        } else if file_type.is_symlink() {
+            let destination = fs::read_link(path)?;
+            let data = destination.as_os_str().as_bytes();
+            let count = tx
+                .write_node(
+                    node_ptr,
+                    0,
+                    data,
+                    metadata.mtime() as u64,
+                    metadata.mtime_nsec() as u32,
+                )
+                .map_err(syscall_err)?;
+            if count != data.len() {
+                panic!("symlink write count {} != {}", count, data.len());
+            }
+        } else {
+            return Err(io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                format!("Does not support creating {:?}", file_type),
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn archive<D: Disk, P: AsRef<Path>>(fs: &mut FileSystem<D>, parent_path: P) -> io::Result<u64> {
+    let end_block = fs
+        .tx(|tx| {
+            // Archive_at root node
+            archive_at(tx, parent_path, TreePtr::root())
+                .map_err(|err| syscall::Error::new(err.raw_os_error().unwrap()))?;
+
+            // Squash alloc log
+            tx.sync(true)?;
+
+            let end_block = tx.header.size() / BLOCK_SIZE;
+            /* TODO: Cut off any free blocks at the end of the filesystem
+            let mut end_changed = true;
+            while end_changed {
+                end_changed = false;
+
+                let allocator = fs.allocator();
+                let levels = allocator.levels();
+                for level in 0..levels.len() {
+                    let level_size = 1 << level;
+                    for &block in levels[level].iter() {
+                        if block < end_block && block + level_size >= end_block {
+                            end_block = block;
+                            end_changed = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            */
+
+            // Update header
+            tx.header.size = (end_block * BLOCK_SIZE).into();
+            tx.header_changed = true;
+            tx.sync(false)?;
+
+            Ok(end_block)
+        })
+        .map_err(syscall_err)?;
+
+    Ok((fs.block + end_block) * BLOCK_SIZE)
+}

src/bin/ar.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+extern crate redoxfs;
+extern crate syscall;
+extern crate uuid;
+
+use std::io::Read;
+use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+use std::{env, fs, process};
+
+use redoxfs::{archive, DiskFile, FileSystem};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+fn main() {
+    env_logger::init();
+
+    let mut args = env::args().skip(1);
+
+    let disk_path = if let Some(path) = args.next() {
+        path
+    } else {
+        println!("redoxfs-ar: no disk image provided");
+        println!("redoxfs-ar DISK FOLDER [BOOTLOADER]");
+        process::exit(1);
+    };
+
+    let folder_path = if let Some(path) = args.next() {
+        path
+    } else {
+        println!("redoxfs-ar: no folder provided");
+        println!("redoxfs-ar DISK FOLDER [BOOTLOADER]");
+        process::exit(1);
+    };
+
+    let bootloader_path_opt = args.next();
+
+    let disk = match DiskFile::open(&disk_path) {
+        Ok(disk) => disk,
+        Err(err) => {
+            println!("redoxfs-ar: failed to open image {}: {}", disk_path, err);
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut bootloader = vec![];
+    if let Some(bootloader_path) = bootloader_path_opt {
+        match fs::File::open(&bootloader_path) {
+            Ok(mut file) => match file.read_to_end(&mut bootloader) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => {
+                    println!(
+                        "redoxfs-ar: failed to read bootloader {}: {}",
+                        bootloader_path, err
+                    );
+                    process::exit(1);
+                }
+            },
+            Err(err) => {
+                println!(
+                    "redoxfs-ar: failed to open bootloader {}: {}",
+                    bootloader_path, err
+                );
+                process::exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let ctime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+    match FileSystem::create_reserved(
+        disk,
+        None,
+        &bootloader,
+        ctime.as_secs(),
+        ctime.subsec_nanos(),
+    ) {
+        Ok(mut fs) => {
+            let size = match archive(&mut fs, &folder_path) {
+                Ok(ok) => ok,
+                Err(err) => {
+                    println!("redoxfs-ar: failed to archive {}: {}", folder_path, err);
+                    process::exit(1);
+                }
+            };
+
+            if let Err(err) = fs.disk.file.set_len(size) {
+                println!(
+                    "redoxfs-ar: failed to truncate {} to {}: {}",
+                    disk_path, size, err
+                );
+                process::exit(1);
+            }
+
+            let uuid = Uuid::from_bytes(fs.header.uuid());
+            println!(
+                "redoxfs-ar: created filesystem on {}, reserved {} blocks, size {} MB, uuid {}",
+                disk_path,
+                fs.block,
+                fs.header.size() / 1000 / 1000,
+                uuid.hyphenated()
+            );
+        }
+        Err(err) => {
+            println!(
+                "redoxfs-ar: failed to create filesystem on {}: {}",
+                disk_path, err
+            );
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+}

src/bin/clone.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+extern crate redoxfs;
+extern crate syscall;
+extern crate uuid;
+
+use std::io::Read;
+use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+use std::{env, fs, process};
+
+use redoxfs::{clone, DiskFile, FileSystem};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+fn main() {
+    env_logger::init();
+
+    let mut args = env::args().skip(1);
+
+    let disk_path_old = if let Some(path) = args.next() {
+        path
+    } else {
+        println!("redoxfs-clone: no old disk image provided");
+        println!("redoxfs-clone NEW-DISK OLD-DISK [BOOTLOADER]");
+        process::exit(1);
+    };
+
+    let disk_path = if let Some(path) = args.next() {
+        path
+    } else {
+        println!("redoxfs-clone: no new disk image provided");
+        println!("redoxfs-clone NEW-DISK OLD-DISK [BOOTLOADER]");
+        process::exit(1);
+    };
+
+    let bootloader_path_opt = args.next();
+
+    // Open old disk in readonly mode
+    let disk_old = match fs::OpenOptions::new()
+        .read(true)
+        .write(false)
+        .open(&disk_path_old)
+        .map(DiskFile::from)
+    {
+        Ok(disk) => disk,
+        Err(err) => {
+            println!(
+                "redoxfs-clone: failed to open old disk image {}: {}",
+                disk_path_old, err
+            );
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut fs_old = match FileSystem::open(disk_old, None, None, false) {
+        Ok(fs) => fs,
+        Err(err) => {
+            println!(
+                "redoxfs-clone: failed to open filesystem on {}: {}",
+                disk_path_old, err
+            );
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let disk = match DiskFile::open(&disk_path) {
+        Ok(disk) => disk,
+        Err(err) => {
+            println!(
+                "redoxfs-clone: failed to open new disk image {}: {}",
+                disk_path, err
+            );
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut bootloader = vec![];
+    if let Some(bootloader_path) = bootloader_path_opt {
+        match fs::File::open(&bootloader_path) {
+            Ok(mut file) => match file.read_to_end(&mut bootloader) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => {
+                    println!(
+                        "redoxfs-clone: failed to read bootloader {}: {}",
+                        bootloader_path, err
+                    );
+                    process::exit(1);
+                }
+            },
+            Err(err) => {
+                println!(
+                    "redoxfs-clone: failed to open bootloader {}: {}",
+                    bootloader_path, err
+                );
+                process::exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let ctime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+    let mut fs = match FileSystem::create_reserved(
+        disk,
+        None,
+        &bootloader,
+        ctime.as_secs(),
+        ctime.subsec_nanos(),
+    ) {
+        Ok(fs) => fs,
+        Err(err) => {
+            println!(
+                "redoxfs-clone: failed to create filesystem on {}: {}",
+                disk_path, err
+            );
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let size_old = fs_old.header.size();
+    let free_old = fs_old.allocator().free() * redoxfs::BLOCK_SIZE;
+    let used_old = size_old - free_old;
+    let mut last_percent = 0;
+    let clone_res = clone(&mut fs_old, &mut fs, move |used| {
+        let percent = (used * 100) / used_old;
+        if percent != last_percent {
+            eprint!(
+                "\r{}%: {} MB/{} MB",
+                percent,
+                used / 1000 / 1000,
+                used_old / 1000 / 1000
+            );
+            last_percent = percent;
+        }
+    });
+    eprintln!();
+    match clone_res {
+        Ok(()) => (),
+        Err(err) => {
+            println!(
+                "redoxfs-clone: failed to clone {} to {}: {}",
+                disk_path_old, disk_path, err
+            );
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let uuid = Uuid::from_bytes(fs.header.uuid());
+    let size = fs.header.size();
+    let free = fs.allocator().free() * redoxfs::BLOCK_SIZE;
+    let used = size - free;
+    println!("redoxfs-clone: created filesystem on {}", disk_path,);
+    println!("\treserved: {} blocks", fs.block);
+    println!("\tuuid: {}", uuid.hyphenated());
+    println!("\tsize: {} MB", size / 1000 / 1000);
+    println!("\tused: {} MB", used / 1000 / 1000);
+    println!("\tfree: {} MB", free / 1000 / 1000);
+}

src/bin/getty.rs

@@ -1,285 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
-
-use std::error::Error;
-use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::{self, ErrorKind, Read, Stderr, Write};
-use std::os::unix::io::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd, RawFd};
-use std::process::{Child, Command, Stdio};
-use std::str;
-use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
-
-use event::{EventFlags, RawEventQueue};
-use extra::io::fail;
-use libredox::call as redox;
-use libredox::errno::EAGAIN;
-use libredox::flag;
-
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{getty} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    getty - set terminal mode
-
-SYNOPSIS
-    getty [-J | --noclear | -C | --contain ] tty
-    getty [ -h | --help ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    The getty utility is called by init(8) to open and initialize the tty line,
-    read a login name, and invoke login(1).
-
-OPTIONS
-
-    -h, --help
-        Display this help and exit.
-
-    -J, --noclear
-        Do not clear the screen before forking login(1).
-
-    -C, --contain
-        Run contain_login instead of login
-
-AUTHOR
-    Written by Jeremy Soller.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-
-const DEFAULT_COLS: u16 = 80;
-const DEFAULT_LINES: u16 = 30;
-
-pub fn handle(
-    event_queue: &mut RawEventQueue,
-    tty_fd: RawFd,
-    master_fd: RawFd,
-    process: &mut Child,
-) {
-    // tty_fd => Display
-    // master_fd => PTY
-
-    let handle_event = |event_id: usize| {
-        if event_id as RawFd == tty_fd {
-            let mut packet = [0; 4096];
-            loop {
-                let count = match redox::read(tty_fd as usize, &mut packet) {
-                    Ok(0) => return,
-                    Ok(count) => count,
-                    Err(ref err) if err.errno() == EAGAIN => break,
-                    Err(_) => panic!("getty: failed to read from TTY"),
-                };
-                redox::write(master_fd as usize, &packet[..count])
-                    .expect("getty: failed to write master PTY");
-            }
-        } else if event_id as RawFd == master_fd {
-            let mut packet = [0; 4096];
-            loop {
-                let count = match redox::read(master_fd as usize, &mut packet) {
-                    Ok(0) => return,
-                    Ok(count) => count,
-                    Err(ref err) if err.errno() == EAGAIN => break,
-                    Err(_) => panic!("getty: failed to read from master TTY"),
-                };
-                redox::write(tty_fd as usize, &packet[1..count])
-                    .expect("getty: failed to write to TTY");
-                if packet[0] & 1 == 1 {
-                    let _ = redox::fsync(tty_fd as usize);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    handle_event(tty_fd as usize);
-    handle_event(master_fd as usize);
-
-    'events: loop {
-        let sys_event = event_queue
-            .next()
-            .expect("getty: event queue stopped")
-            .expect("getty: failed to read event file");
-        handle_event(sys_event.fd);
-
-        match process.try_wait() {
-            Ok(status) => match status {
-                Some(_code) => break 'events,
-                None => (),
-            },
-            Err(err) => match err.kind() {
-                ErrorKind::WouldBlock => (),
-                _ => panic!("getty: failed to wait on child: {:?}", err),
-            },
-        }
-    }
-
-    let _ = process.kill();
-    process.wait().expect("getty: failed to wait on login");
-}
-
-pub fn getpty(columns: u16, lines: u16) -> (RawFd, String) {
-    let master = redox::open(
-        "/scheme/pty",
-        flag::O_CLOEXEC | flag::O_RDWR | flag::O_CREAT | flag::O_NONBLOCK,
-        0,
-    )
-    .expect("getty: failed to create PTY");
-
-    if let Ok(winsize_fd) = redox::dup(master, b"winsize") {
-        let _ = redox::write(
-            winsize_fd,
-            &redox_termios::Winsize {
-                ws_row: lines,
-                ws_col: columns,
-            },
-        );
-        let _ = redox::close(winsize_fd);
-    }
-
-    let mut buf: [u8; 4096] = [0; 4096];
-    let count = redox::fpath(master, &mut buf).unwrap();
-    (master as RawFd, unsafe {
-        String::from_utf8_unchecked(Vec::from(&buf[..count]))
-    })
-}
-
-// termion cursor_pos prone to error and does not work on nonblocking files
-fn tty_cursor_pos(tty: &mut File) -> Result<(u16, u16), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    write!(tty, "\x1B[6n")?;
-    tty.flush()?;
-
-    let timeout = Duration::from_millis(500);
-    let instant = Instant::now();
-    let mut data = String::new();
-    while instant.elapsed() < timeout {
-        let mut bytes = [0];
-        match tty.read(&mut bytes) {
-            Ok(count) => if count == 1 {
-                let c = bytes[0] as char;
-                if c == 'R' {
-                    break;
-                }
-                data.push(c);
-            },
-            Err(err) => if err.kind() != ErrorKind::WouldBlock {
-                return Err(err.into());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if data.is_empty() {
-        return Err("cursor position timed out".into());
-    }
-
-    let beg = data.rfind('[').ok_or("failed to find [")?;
-    let coords: String = data.chars().skip(beg + 1).collect();
-    let mut nums = coords.split(';');
-
-    let row = nums.next().ok_or("failed to find row")?.parse::<u16>()?;
-    let col = nums.next().ok_or("failed to find col")?.parse::<u16>()?;
-
-    Ok((col, row))
-}
-
-fn tty_columns_lines(tty: &mut File) -> Result<(u16, u16), Box<dyn Error>> {
-    write!(tty, "{}", termion::cursor::Save)?;
-    tty.flush()?;
-
-    write!(tty, "{}", termion::cursor::Goto(999, 999))?;
-    tty.flush()?;
-
-    let res = tty_cursor_pos(tty);
-
-    write!(tty, "{}", termion::cursor::Restore)?;
-    tty.flush()?;
-
-    res
-}
-
-fn daemon(tty: &mut File, clear: bool, contain: bool, stderr: &mut Stderr) {
-    let (columns, lines) = tty_columns_lines(tty).unwrap_or((DEFAULT_COLS, DEFAULT_LINES));
-    let tty_fd = tty.as_raw_fd();
-
-    let (master_fd, pty) = getpty(columns, lines);
-
-    let mut event_queue = event::RawEventQueue::new().expect("getty: failed to open event queue");
-
-    event_queue
-        .subscribe(tty_fd as usize, 0, EventFlags::READ)
-        .expect("getty: failed to fevent TTY");
-
-    event_queue
-        .subscribe(master_fd as usize, 0, EventFlags::READ)
-        .expect("getty: failed to fevent master PTY");
-
-    loop {
-        if clear {
-            let _ = redox::write(tty_fd as usize, b"\x1Bc");
-        }
-        let _ = redox::fsync(tty_fd as usize);
-
-        let slave_stdin = redox::open(&pty, flag::O_CLOEXEC | flag::O_RDONLY, 0)
-            .expect("getty: failed to open slave stdin");
-        let slave_stdout = redox::open(&pty, flag::O_CLOEXEC | flag::O_WRONLY, 0)
-            .expect("getty: failed to open slave stdout");
-        let slave_stderr = redox::open(&pty, flag::O_CLOEXEC | flag::O_WRONLY, 0)
-            .expect("getty: failed to open slave stderr");
-
-        let mut command = if contain {
-            Command::new("contain_login")
-        } else {
-            Command::new("login")
-        };
-        unsafe {
-            command
-                .stdin(Stdio::from_raw_fd(slave_stdin as RawFd))
-                .stdout(Stdio::from_raw_fd(slave_stdout as RawFd))
-                .stderr(Stdio::from_raw_fd(slave_stderr as RawFd))
-                .env("TERM", "xterm-256color")
-                .env("TTY", &pty);
-        }
-
-        match command.spawn() {
-            Ok(mut process) => {
-                handle(&mut event_queue, tty_fd, master_fd, &mut process);
-            }
-            Err(err) => fail(&format!("getty: failed to execute login: {}", err), stderr),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn main() {
-    let mut stderr = io::stderr();
-
-    let args = clap_app!(getty =>
-        (author: "Jeremy Soller")
-        (about: "Set terminal mode")
-        (@arg TTY: +required "")
-        (@arg NO_CLEAR: -J --("no-clear") "Do not clear the screen before forking")
-        (@arg CONTAIN: -C --("contain") "Run contain_login instead of login")
-    )
-    .get_matches();
-
-    let clear = !args.is_present("NO_CLEAR");
-
-    let contain = args.is_present("CONTAIN");
-
-    let vt = args.value_of("TTY").unwrap();
-
-    let buf: String;
-    let vt_path = if vt.parse::<usize>().is_ok() {
-        buf = format!("/scheme/fbcon/{vt}");
-        &*buf
-    } else {
-        vt
-    };
-
-    let mut tty = match redox::open(
-        &vt_path,
-        flag::O_CLOEXEC | flag::O_RDWR | flag::O_NONBLOCK,
-        0,
-    ) {
-        Ok(fd) => unsafe { File::from_raw_fd(fd as RawFd) },
-        Err(err) => fail(
-            &format!("getty: failed to open TTY {}: {}", vt_path, err),
-            &mut stderr,
-        ),
-    };
-
-    daemon(&mut tty, clear, contain, &mut stderr);
-}

src/bin/groupadd.rs

@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
-
-use extra::option::OptionalExt;
-
-use std::process::exit;
-
-use redox_users::{All, AllGroups, Config, Error, GroupBuilder};
-
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{groupadd} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    groupadd - add a user group
-
-SYNOPSIS
-    groupadd [ -f | --force ] GROUP
-    groupadd [ -h | --help ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    The groupadd utility adds a new user group using values
-    passed on the command line and system defaults.
-
-OPTIONS
-    -f, --force
-        Simply forces the exit status of the program to 0
-        even if the group already exists. A message is still
-        printed to stdout.
-
-    -g, --gid GID
-        The group id to use. This value must not be used and must
-        be non-negative. The default is to pick the smallest available
-        group id (between values defined in redox_users).
-
-    -h, --help
-        Display this help and exit.
-
-AUTHOR
-    Written by Wesley Hershberger.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-
-fn main() {
-    let args = clap_app!(groupadd =>
-        (author: "Wesley Hershberger")
-        (about: "Add groups based on the system's redox_users backend")
-        (@arg GROUP: +required  "Add group GROUP")
-        (@arg FORCE: -f --force "Force the status of the program to be 0 even if the group exists")
-        (@arg GID:   -g --gid   +takes_value "Group id. Positive integer and must not be in use")
-    )
-    .get_matches();
-
-    let mut sys_groups = AllGroups::new(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    let groupname = args.value_of("GROUP").unwrap();
-
-    let gid = match args.value_of("GID") {
-        Some(gid) => {
-            let id = gid.parse::<usize>().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-            if let Some(_group) = sys_groups.get_by_id(id) {
-                eprintln!("groupadd: group already exists");
-                exit(1);
-            }
-            id
-        }
-        None => sys_groups.get_unique_id().unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            eprintln!("groupadd: no available gid");
-            exit(1);
-        }),
-    };
-
-    let group = GroupBuilder::new(groupname).gid(gid);
-    match sys_groups.add_group(group) {
-        Ok(_) => (),
-        Err(Error::GroupAlreadyExists) if args.is_present("FORCE") => {
-            exit(0);
-        }
-        Err(err) => {
-            eprintln!("groupadd: {}", err);
-            exit(1);
-        }
-    }
-    sys_groups.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-}

src/bin/groupdel.rs

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
-
-use extra::option::OptionalExt;
-use redox_users::{All, AllGroups, Config};
-
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{groupdel} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    groupdel - modify system files to delete groups
-
-SYNOPSYS
-    groupdel [ options ] GROUP
-    groupdel [ -h | --help ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    groupdel removes groups from whatever backend is employed by
-    the system's redox_users.
-
-    Note that you should not remove a primary user group before
-    removing the user. It is also generally wise not to remove
-    groups that still own files on the system.
-
-OPTIONS
-    -h, --help
-        Print this help page and exit.
-
-AUTHORS
-    Wesley Hershberger.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-
-fn main() {
-    let matches = clap_app!(groupdel =>
-        (author: "Wesley Hershberger")
-        (about: "Removes a group from the system using redox_users")
-        (@arg GROUP: +required "Removes group GROUP")
-    )
-    .get_matches();
-
-    let group = matches.value_of("GROUP").unwrap();
-
-    let mut sys_groups = AllGroups::new(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    sys_groups.remove_by_name(group.to_string());
-
-    sys_groups.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-}

src/bin/groupmod.rs

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
-
-use std::process::exit;
-
-use extra::option::OptionalExt;
-use redox_users::{All, AllGroups, AllUsers, Config};
-
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{groupmod} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    groupmod - modify group information
-
-SYNOPSYS
-    groupmod [ options ] GROUP
-    groupmod [ -h | --help ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    groupmod modifies a user group GROUP in the system's
-    redox_users backend.
-
-OPTIONS
-    -h, --help
-        Print this help page and exit.
-
-    -g, --gid GID
-        Change GROUP's group id. GID must be a non-negative
-        decimal integer.
-
-        Files with GROUP's old gid will not be updated.
-
-        User's who use the old gid as their primary gid will
-        be updated.
-
-    -n, --name NAME
-        The name of the group will be set to NAME
-
-AUTHORS
-    Wesley Hershberger.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-
-fn main() {
-    let args = clap_app!(groupmod =>
-        (author: "Wesley Hershberger")
-        (about: "Modify users according to the system's redox_users backend")
-        (@arg GROUP:          +required    "Modify GROUP")
-        (@arg GID:  -g --gid  +takes_value "Change GROUP's group id. See man page for details")
-        (@arg NAME: -n --name +takes_value "Change GROUP's name")
-    )
-    .get_matches();
-
-    let groupname = args.value_of("GROUP").unwrap();
-
-    let mut sys_groups = AllGroups::new(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    {
-        let group = sys_groups.get_mut_by_name(groupname).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            eprintln!("groupmod: group not found: {}", groupname);
-            exit(1);
-        });
-
-        if let Some(gid) = args.value_of("GID") {
-            let gid = gid.parse::<usize>().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-            // Update users
-            let mut sys_users =
-                AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-            for user in sys_users.iter_mut() {
-                if user.gid == group.gid {
-                    user.gid = gid;
-                }
-            }
-            sys_users.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-            group.gid = gid;
-        }
-
-        if let Some(name) = args.value_of("NAME") {
-            group.group = name.to_string();
-        }
-    }
-
-    sys_groups.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-}

src/bin/id.rs

@@ -1,163 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
-
-use std::env::args;
-use std::process::exit;
-
-use extra::option::OptionalExt;
-use redox_users::{All, AllGroups, AllUsers, Config, get_egid, get_euid, get_gid, get_uid};
-
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{id} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    id - display user identity
-
-SYNOPSIS
-    id
-    id -g [-nr]
-    id -u [-nr]
-    id [ -h | --help ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    The id utility displays the user and group names and numeric IDs, of
-    the calling process, to the standard output.
-
-OPTIONS
-    -G, --groups
-        Display the different group IDs (effective and real) as white-space
-        separated numbers, in no particular order.
-
-    -g, --group
-        Display the effective group ID as a number.
-
-    -n, --name
-        Display the name of the user or group ID for the -g and -u options
-        instead of the number.
-
-    -u, --user
-        Display the effective user ID as a number.
-
-    -a
-        Ignored for compatibility with other id implementations.
-
-    -r, --real
-        Display the real ID for the -g and -u options instead of the effective ID.
-
-    -h, --help
-        Display help and exit.
-
-AUTHOR
-    Written by Jose Narvaez.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-
-pub fn main() {
-    let app = clap_app!(id =>
-        (author: "Jose Narvaez")
-        (about: "Get user and group information about the current user")
-        (@arg IGNORE: -a "Ignored for compatibility with other impls of id")
-        (@arg GROUPS: -G --groups conflicts_with[selector modifier] "Display current user's real and effective group id's")
-        (@group selector =>
-            (@arg GROUP: -g --group "Display current user's effective group id")
-            (@arg USER:  -u --user  "Display the effective userid")
-        )
-        (@group modifier =>
-            (@arg NAME: -n --name requires[selector] "Display names of groups/users instead of ids (use with -g or -u)")
-            (@arg REAL: -r --real requires[selector] "Display real id's instead of effective ids (use with -g and -u)")
-        )
-    );
-
-    let args = match &*args().nth(0).unwrap_or(String::new()) {
-        "whoami" => app.get_matches_from(["id", "-un"].iter()),
-        _ => app.get_matches(),
-    };
-
-    // Display the different group IDs (effective and real)
-    // as white-space separated numbers, in no particular order.
-    if args.is_present("GROUPS") {
-        let egid = get_egid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        let gid = get_gid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        println!("{} {}", egid, gid);
-        exit(0);
-    }
-
-    // Display effective/real process user ID UNIX user name
-    if args.is_present("USER") && args.is_present("NAME") {
-        // Did they pass -r? If so, we show the real
-        let uid = if args.is_present("REAL") {
-            get_uid()
-        } else {
-            get_euid()
-        }
-        .unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        let users = AllUsers::basic(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        let user = users.get_by_id(uid).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        println!("{}", user.user);
-        exit(0);
-    }
-
-    // Display real user ID
-    if args.is_present("USER") && args.is_present("REAL") {
-        let uid = get_uid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        println!("{}", uid);
-        exit(0);
-    }
-
-    // Display effective user ID
-    if args.is_present("USER") {
-        let euid = get_euid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        println!("{}", euid);
-        exit(0);
-    }
-
-    // Display effective/real process group ID UNIX group name
-    if args.is_present("GROUP") && args.is_present("NAME") {
-        // Did they pass -r? If so we show the real one
-        let gid = if args.is_present("REAL") {
-            get_gid()
-        } else {
-            get_egid()
-        }
-        .unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        let groups = AllGroups::new(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        let group = groups.get_by_id(gid).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        println!("{}", group.group);
-        exit(0);
-    }
-
-    // Display the real group ID
-    if args.is_present("GROUP") && args.is_present("REAL") {
-        let gid = get_gid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        println!("{}", gid);
-        exit(0);
-    }
-
-    // Display effective group ID
-    if args.is_present("GROUP") {
-        let egid = get_egid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        println!("{}", egid);
-        exit(0);
-    }
-
-    // We get everything we can and show
-    let euid = get_euid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    let egid = get_egid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    let users = AllUsers::basic(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    let groups = AllGroups::new(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    let user = users.get_by_id(euid).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    let group = groups.get_by_id(egid).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    println!("uid={}({}) gid={}({})", euid, user.user, egid, group.group);
-    exit(0);
-}

src/bin/login.rs

@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
-
-use libredox::error::Result;
-use std::fs::File;
-use std::io::{self, Write};
-use std::str;
-
-use extra::option::OptionalExt;
-use redox_users::{All, AllUsers, Config, User};
-use termion::input::TermRead;
-use userutils::spawn_shell;
-
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{login} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    login - log into the computer
-
-SYNOPSIS
-    login
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    The login utility logs users (and pseudo-users) into the computer system.
-
-OPTIONS
-
-    -h --help
-        Display help info and exit.
-
-AUTHOR
-    Written by Jeremy Soller, Jose Narvaez.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-
-const ISSUE_FILE: &'static str = "/etc/issue";
-const MOTD_FILE: &'static str = "/etc/motd";
-
-// TODO: Move to redox_users once the definition solidifies.
-const DEFAULT_SCHEMES: [&'static str; 26] = [
-    // Kernel schemes
-    "debug",
-    "event",
-    "memory",
-    "pipe",
-    "serio",
-    "irq",
-    "time",
-    "sys",
-    // Base schemes
-    "rand",
-    "null",
-    "zero",
-    "log",
-    // Network schemes
-    "ip",
-    "icmp",
-    "tcp",
-    "udp",
-    // IPC schemes
-    "shm",
-    "chan",
-    "uds_stream",
-    "uds_dgram",
-    // File schemes
-    "file",
-    // Display schemes
-    "display.vesa",
-    "display*",
-    // Other schemes
-    "pty",
-    "sudo",
-    "audio",
-];
-pub fn apply_login_schemes(
-    user: &User<redox_users::auth::Full>,
-    default_schemes: &[&str],
-) -> Result<libredox::Fd> {
-    let schemes = match load_config_schemes(user) {
-        Some(s) => s,
-        _ => default_schemes.iter().map(|s| s.to_string()).collect(),
-    };
-
-    let mut names: Vec<ioslice::IoSlice> = Vec::with_capacity(schemes.len());
-    for scheme in schemes.iter() {
-        names.push(ioslice::IoSlice::new(scheme.as_bytes()));
-    }
-
-    let ns_fd = libredox::call::mkns(&names)?;
-    let before_ns_fd = libredox::Fd::new(libredox::call::setns(ns_fd)?);
-
-    Ok(before_ns_fd)
-}
-
-fn load_config_schemes(user: &User<redox_users::auth::Full>) -> Option<Vec<String>> {
-    use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-    use std::collections::BTreeMap;
-    use std::fs;
-
-    const LOGIN_SCHEMES_FILE: &'static str = "/etc/login_schemes.toml";
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-    struct UserSchemeConfig {
-        pub schemes: Vec<String>,
-    }
-
-    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
-    struct LoginConfig {
-        #[serde(rename = "user_schemes")]
-        pub user_schemes: BTreeMap<String, UserSchemeConfig>,
-    }
-
-    let config_str = fs::read_to_string(LOGIN_SCHEMES_FILE).ok()?;
-    let config: LoginConfig = toml::from_str(&config_str).ok()?;
-
-    config
-        .user_schemes
-        .get(&user.user)
-        .map(|cfg| cfg.schemes.clone())
-}
-
-pub fn main() {
-    let mut stdout = io::stdout();
-    let mut stderr = io::stderr();
-
-    let _args = clap_app!(login =>
-        (author: "Jeremy Soller, Jose Narvaez")
-        (about: "Login as a user")
-    )
-    .get_matches();
-
-    if let Ok(mut issue) = File::open(ISSUE_FILE) {
-        io::copy(&mut issue, &mut stdout).r#try(&mut stderr);
-        stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-    }
-
-    loop {
-        let user = liner::Context::new()
-            .read_line(
-                liner::Prompt::from("\x1B[1mRed Bear login:\x1B[0m "),
-                None,
-                &mut liner::BasicCompleter::new(Vec::<String>::new()),
-            )
-            .r#try(&mut stderr);
-
-        if !user.is_empty() {
-            let stdin = io::stdin();
-            let mut stdin = stdin.lock();
-            let sys_users = AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-            match sys_users.get_by_name(user) {
-                None => {
-                    stdout.write(b"\nLogin incorrect\n").r#try(&mut stderr);
-                    stdout.write(b"\n").r#try(&mut stderr);
-                    stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-                    continue;
-                }
-                Some(user) => {
-                    if user.is_passwd_blank() {
-                        if let Ok(mut motd) = File::open(MOTD_FILE) {
-                            io::copy(&mut motd, &mut stdout).r#try(&mut stderr);
-                            stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-                        }
-
-                        let before_ns_fd =
-                            apply_login_schemes(user, &DEFAULT_SCHEMES).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-                        let _ = syscall::fcntl(
-                            before_ns_fd.raw(),
-                            syscall::F_SETFD,
-                            syscall::O_CLOEXEC,
-                        );
-                        spawn_shell(user).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-                        let _ = syscall::fcntl(before_ns_fd.raw(), syscall::F_SETFD, 0);
-                        let _ = libredox::call::close(
-                            libredox::call::setns(before_ns_fd.into_raw()).unwrap_or_exit(1),
-                        );
-                        break;
-                    }
-
-                    stdout
-                        .write_all(b"\x1B[1mpassword:\x1B[0m ")
-                        .r#try(&mut stderr);
-                    stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-                    if let Some(password) = stdin.read_passwd(&mut stdout).r#try(&mut stderr) {
-                        stdout.write(b"\n").r#try(&mut stderr);
-                        stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-
-                        if user.verify_passwd(&password) {
-                            if let Ok(mut motd) = File::open(MOTD_FILE) {
-                                io::copy(&mut motd, &mut stdout).r#try(&mut stderr);
-                                stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-                            }
-
-                            spawn_shell(user).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            stdout.write(b"\n").r#try(&mut stderr);
-            stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-        }
-    }
-}

src/bin/mkfs.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+extern crate redoxfs;
+extern crate uuid;
+
+use std::io::Read;
+use std::{env, fs, io, process, time};
+
+use redoxfs::{DiskFile, FileSystem};
+use termion::input::TermRead;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+fn usage() -> ! {
+    eprintln!("redoxfs-mkfs [--encrypt] DISK [BOOTLOADER]");
+    process::exit(1);
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    env_logger::init();
+
+    let mut encrypt = false;
+    let mut disk_path_opt = None;
+    let mut bootloader_path_opt = None;
+    for arg in env::args().skip(1) {
+        if arg == "--encrypt" {
+            encrypt = true;
+        } else if disk_path_opt.is_none() {
+            disk_path_opt = Some(arg);
+        } else if bootloader_path_opt.is_none() {
+            bootloader_path_opt = Some(arg);
+        } else {
+            eprintln!("redoxfs-mkfs: too many arguments provided");
+            usage();
+        }
+    }
+
+    let disk_path = if let Some(path) = disk_path_opt {
+        path
+    } else {
+        eprintln!("redoxfs-mkfs: no disk image provided");
+        usage();
+    };
+
+    let disk = match DiskFile::open(&disk_path) {
+        Ok(disk) => disk,
+        Err(err) => {
+            eprintln!("redoxfs-mkfs: failed to open image {}: {}", disk_path, err);
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut bootloader = vec![];
+    if let Some(bootloader_path) = bootloader_path_opt {
+        match fs::File::open(&bootloader_path) {
+            Ok(mut file) => match file.read_to_end(&mut bootloader) {
+                Ok(_) => (),
+                Err(err) => {
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "redoxfs-mkfs: failed to read bootloader {}: {}",
+                        bootloader_path, err
+                    );
+                    process::exit(1);
+                }
+            },
+            Err(err) => {
+                eprintln!(
+                    "redoxfs-mkfs: failed to open bootloader {}: {}",
+                    bootloader_path, err
+                );
+                process::exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let password_opt = if encrypt {
+        eprint!("redoxfs-mkfs: password: ");
+
+        let password = io::stdin()
+            .read_passwd(&mut io::stderr())
+            .unwrap()
+            .unwrap_or_default();
+
+        eprintln!();
+
+        if password.is_empty() {
+            eprintln!("redoxfs-mkfs: empty password, giving up");
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+
+        Some(password)
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    let ctime = time::SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .unwrap();
+    match FileSystem::create_reserved(
+        disk,
+        password_opt.as_ref().map(|x| x.as_bytes()),
+        &bootloader,
+        ctime.as_secs(),
+        ctime.subsec_nanos(),
+    ) {
+        Ok(filesystem) => {
+            let uuid = Uuid::from_bytes(filesystem.header.uuid());
+            eprintln!(
+                "redoxfs-mkfs: created filesystem on {}, reserved {} blocks, size {} MB, uuid {}",
+                disk_path,
+                filesystem.block,
+                filesystem.header.size() / 1000 / 1000,
+                uuid.hyphenated()
+            );
+        }
+        Err(err) => {
+            eprintln!(
+                "redoxfs-mkfs: failed to create filesystem on {}: {}",
+                disk_path, err
+            );
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+}

src/bin/mount.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+extern crate libc;
+extern crate redoxfs;
+#[cfg(target_os = "redox")]
+extern crate syscall;
+extern crate uuid;
+
+use std::env;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
+use std::os::unix::io::{FromRawFd, RawFd};
+use std::process;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "redox")]
+use std::{mem::MaybeUninit, ptr::addr_of_mut, sync::atomic::Ordering};
+
+use redoxfs::{mount, DiskCache, DiskFile, FileSystem};
+use termion::input::TermRead;
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "redox")]
+extern "C" fn unmount_handler(_s: usize) {
+    redoxfs::IS_UMT.store(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "redox")]
+//set up a signal handler on redox, this implements unmounting. I have no idea what sa_flags is
+//for, so I put 2. I don't think 0,0 is a valid sa_mask. I don't know what i'm doing here. When u
+//send it a sigkill, it shuts off the filesystem
+fn setsig() {
+    // TODO: High-level wrapper like the nix crate?
+    unsafe {
+        let mut action = MaybeUninit::<libc::sigaction>::uninit();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            libc::sigemptyset(addr_of_mut!((*action.as_mut_ptr()).sa_mask)),
+            0
+        );
+        addr_of_mut!((*action.as_mut_ptr()).sa_flags).write(0);
+        addr_of_mut!((*action.as_mut_ptr()).sa_sigaction)
+            .write(unmount_handler as *const () as usize);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            libc::sigaction(libc::SIGTERM, action.as_ptr(), core::ptr::null_mut()),
+            0
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
+// on linux, this is implemented properly, so no need for this unscrupulous nonsense!
+fn setsig() {}
+
+fn fork() -> isize {
+    unsafe { libc::fork() as isize }
+}
+
+fn pipe(pipes: &mut [i32; 2]) -> isize {
+    unsafe { libc::pipe(pipes.as_mut_ptr()) as isize }
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
+fn capability_mode() {}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
+fn bootloader_password() -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    None
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "redox")]
+fn capability_mode() {
+    libredox::call::setrens(0, 0).expect("redoxfs: failed to enter null namespace");
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "redox")]
+fn bootloader_password() -> Option<Vec<u8>> {
+    use libredox::call::MmapArgs;
+
+    let addr_env = env::var_os("REDOXFS_PASSWORD_ADDR")?;
+    let size_env = env::var_os("REDOXFS_PASSWORD_SIZE")?;
+
+    let addr = usize::from_str_radix(
+        addr_env.to_str().expect("REDOXFS_PASSWORD_ADDR not valid"),
+        16,
+    )
+    .expect("failed to parse REDOXFS_PASSWORD_ADDR");
+
+    let size = usize::from_str_radix(
+        size_env.to_str().expect("REDOXFS_PASSWORD_SIZE not valid"),
+        16,
+    )
+    .expect("failed to parse REDOXFS_PASSWORD_SIZE");
+
+    let mut password = Vec::with_capacity(size);
+    unsafe {
+        let aligned_size = size.next_multiple_of(syscall::PAGE_SIZE);
+
+        let fd = libredox::Fd::open("memory:physical", libredox::flag::O_CLOEXEC, 0)
+            .expect("failed to open physical memory file");
+
+        let password_map = libredox::call::mmap(MmapArgs {
+            addr: core::ptr::null_mut(),
+            length: aligned_size,
+            prot: libredox::flag::PROT_READ,
+            flags: libredox::flag::MAP_SHARED,
+            fd: fd.raw(),
+            offset: addr as u64,
+        })
+        .expect("failed to map REDOXFS_PASSWORD")
+        .cast::<u8>();
+
+        for i in 0..size {
+            password.push(password_map.add(i).read());
+        }
+
+        let _ = libredox::call::munmap(password_map.cast(), aligned_size);
+    }
+    Some(password)
+}
+
+fn print_err_exit(err: impl AsRef<str>) -> ! {
+    eprintln!("redoxfs: {}", err.as_ref());
+    usage();
+    process::exit(1)
+}
+
+fn print_usage_exit() -> ! {
+    usage();
+    process::exit(1)
+}
+
+fn usage() {
+    eprintln!("redoxfs [--no-daemon|-d] [--uuid] [disk or uuid] [mountpoint] [block in hex]");
+}
+
+enum DiskId {
+    Path(String),
+    Uuid(Uuid),
+}
+
+fn filesystem_by_path(
+    path: &str,
+    block_opt: Option<u64>,
+    log_errors: bool,
+) -> Option<(String, FileSystem<DiskCache<DiskFile>>)> {
+    log::debug!("opening {}", path);
+    let attempts = 10;
+    for attempt in 0..=attempts {
+        let password_opt = if attempt > 0 {
+            eprint!("redoxfs: password: ");
+
+            let password = io::stdin()
+                .read_passwd(&mut io::stderr())
+                .unwrap()
+                .unwrap_or_default();
+
+            eprintln!();
+
+            if password.is_empty() {
+                eprintln!("redoxfs: empty password, giving up");
+
+                // Password is empty, exit loop
+                break;
+            }
+
+            Some(password.into_bytes())
+        } else {
+            bootloader_password()
+        };
+
+        match DiskFile::open(path).map(DiskCache::new) {
+            Ok(disk) => {
+                match redoxfs::FileSystem::open(disk, password_opt.as_deref(), block_opt, true) {
+                    Ok(filesystem) => {
+                        log::debug!(
+                            "opened filesystem on {} with uuid {}",
+                            path,
+                            Uuid::from_bytes(filesystem.header.uuid()).hyphenated()
+                        );
+
+                        return Some((path.to_string(), filesystem));
+                    }
+                    Err(err) => match err.errno {
+                        syscall::ENOKEY => {
+                            if password_opt.is_some() {
+                                eprintln!("redoxfs: incorrect password ({}/{})", attempt, attempts);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => {
+                            if log_errors {
+                                log::error!("failed to open filesystem {}: {}", path, err);
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                if log_errors {
+                    log::error!("failed to open image {}: {}", path, err);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(target_os = "redox"))]
+fn filesystem_by_uuid(
+    _uuid: &Uuid,
+    _block_opt: Option<u64>,
+) -> Option<(String, FileSystem<DiskCache<DiskFile>>)> {
+    None
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "redox")]
+fn filesystem_by_uuid(
+    uuid: &Uuid,
+    block_opt: Option<u64>,
+) -> Option<(String, FileSystem<DiskCache<DiskFile>>)> {
+    use std::fs;
+
+    use redox_path::RedoxPath;
+
+    match fs::read_dir("/scheme") {
+        Ok(entries) => {
+            for entry_res in entries {
+                if let Ok(entry) = entry_res {
+                    if let Some(disk) = entry.path().to_str() {
+                        if RedoxPath::from_absolute(disk)
+                            .unwrap_or(RedoxPath::from_absolute("/")?)
+                            .is_scheme_category("disk")
+                        {
+                            log::debug!("found scheme {}", disk);
+                            match fs::read_dir(disk) {
+                                Ok(entries) => {
+                                    for entry_res in entries {
+                                        if let Ok(entry) = entry_res {
+                                            if let Ok(path) =
+                                                entry.path().into_os_string().into_string()
+                                            {
+                                                log::debug!("found path {}", path);
+                                                if let Some((path, filesystem)) =
+                                                    filesystem_by_path(&path, block_opt, false)
+                                                {
+                                                    if &filesystem.header.uuid() == uuid.as_bytes()
+                                                    {
+                                                        log::debug!(
+                                                            "filesystem on {} matches uuid {}",
+                                                            path,
+                                                            uuid.hyphenated()
+                                                        );
+                                                        return Some((path, filesystem));
+                                                    } else {
+                                                        log::debug!(
+                                                            "filesystem on {} does not match uuid {}",
+                                                            path,
+                                                            uuid.hyphenated()
+                                                        );
+                                                    }
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                Err(err) => {
+                                    log::debug!("failed to list '{}': {}", disk, err);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Err(err) => {
+            log::error!("failed to list schemes: {}", err);
+        }
+    }
+
+    None
+}
+
+fn daemon(
+    disk_id: &DiskId,
+    mountpoint: &str,
+    block_opt: Option<u64>,
+    mut write: Option<File>,
+) -> ! {
+    setsig();
+
+    let filesystem_opt = match *disk_id {
+        DiskId::Path(ref path) => filesystem_by_path(path, block_opt, true),
+        DiskId::Uuid(ref uuid) => filesystem_by_uuid(uuid, block_opt),
+    };
+
+    if let Some((path, filesystem)) = filesystem_opt {
+        match mount(filesystem, mountpoint, |mounted_path| {
+            capability_mode();
+
+            log::info!(
+                "mounted filesystem on {} to {}",
+                path,
+                mounted_path.display()
+            );
+
+            if let Some(ref mut write) = write {
+                let _ = write.write(&[0]);
+            }
+        }) {
+            Ok(()) => {
+                process::exit(0);
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                log::error!("failed to mount {} to {}: {}", path, mountpoint, err);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    match *disk_id {
+        DiskId::Path(ref path) => {
+            log::error!("not able to mount path {}", path);
+        }
+        DiskId::Uuid(ref uuid) => {
+            log::error!("not able to mount uuid {}", uuid.hyphenated());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Some(ref mut write) = write {
+        let _ = write.write(&[1]);
+    }
+
+    process::exit(1);
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    env_logger::init();
+
+    let mut args = env::args().skip(1);
+
+    let mut daemonise = true;
+    let mut disk_id: Option<DiskId> = None;
+    let mut mountpoint: Option<String> = None;
+    let mut block_opt: Option<u64> = None;
+
+    while let Some(arg) = args.next() {
+        match arg.as_str() {
+            "--no-daemon" | "-d" => daemonise = false,
+
+            "--uuid" if disk_id.is_none() => {
+                disk_id = Some(DiskId::Uuid(
+                    match args.next().as_deref().map(Uuid::parse_str) {
+                        Some(Ok(uuid)) => uuid,
+                        Some(Err(err)) => {
+                            print_err_exit(format!("invalid uuid '{}': {}", arg, err))
+                        }
+                        None => print_err_exit("no uuid provided"),
+                    },
+                ));
+            }
+
+            disk if disk_id.is_none() => disk_id = Some(DiskId::Path(disk.to_owned())),
+
+            mnt if disk_id.is_some() && mountpoint.is_none() => mountpoint = Some(mnt.to_owned()),
+
+            opts if mountpoint.is_some() => match u64::from_str_radix(opts, 16) {
+                Ok(block) => block_opt = Some(block),
+                Err(err) => print_err_exit(format!("invalid block '{}': {}", opts, err)),
+            },
+
+            _ => print_usage_exit(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    let Some(disk_id) = disk_id else {
+        print_err_exit("no disk provided");
+    };
+
+    let Some(mountpoint) = mountpoint else {
+        print_err_exit("no mountpoint provided");
+    };
+
+    if daemonise {
+        let mut pipes = [0; 2];
+        if pipe(&mut pipes) == 0 {
+            let mut read = unsafe { File::from_raw_fd(pipes[0] as RawFd) };
+            let write = unsafe { File::from_raw_fd(pipes[1] as RawFd) };
+
+            let pid = fork();
+            if pid == 0 {
+                drop(read);
+
+                daemon(&disk_id, &mountpoint, block_opt, Some(write));
+            } else if pid > 0 {
+                drop(write);
+
+                let mut res = [0];
+                read.read_exact(&mut res).unwrap();
+
+                process::exit(res[0] as i32);
+            } else {
+                panic!("redoxfs: failed to fork");
+            }
+        } else {
+            panic!("redoxfs: failed to create pipe");
+        }
+    } else {
+        log::info!("running in foreground");
+        daemon(&disk_id, &mountpoint, block_opt, None);
+    }
+}

src/bin/passwd.rs

@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
-
-use std::io;
-use std::io::Write;
-use std::process::exit;
-
-use extra::option::OptionalExt;
-use libredox::flag::O_CLOEXEC;
-use libredox::errno::EPERM;
-use redox_users::{All, AllUsers, Config, get_uid};
-use termion::input::TermRead;
-
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{passwd} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    passwd - modify a user's password
-
-SYNOPSIS
-    passwd [ LOGIN ]
-    passwd [ -h | --help ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    The passwd utility changes the user's local password. If the user is not
-    the super-user, passwd first prompts for the current password and will
-    not continue unless the correct password is entered.
-
-OPTIONS
-
-    -h, --help
-        Display this help and exit.
-
-    -l, --lock
-        Lock the password of the named account. This changes the stored password
-        hash so that it matches no encrypted value ("!")
-
-        Users with locked passwords are not allowed to change their password.
-
-AUTHOR
-    Written by Jeremy Soller, Jose Narvaez.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-
-fn main() {
-    let mut stdin = io::stdin().lock();
-    let mut stdout = io::stdout().lock();
-    let mut stderr = io::stderr();
-
-    let args = clap_app!(passwd =>
-        (author: "Jeremy Soller, Jose Narvaez")
-        (about: "Set user passwords")
-        (@arg LOGIN: "Apply to login. Sets password for current user if not supplied")
-        (@arg LOCK: -l --lock "Lock the password for an account (no login)")
-    )
-    .get_matches();
-
-    if args.is_present("LOCK") {
-        if get_uid().unwrap_or_exit(1) != 0 {
-            eprintln!("passwd: only root is allowed to lock accounts");
-            exit(1);
-        }
-
-        let mut users =
-            AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        let Some(login) = args.value_of("LOGIN") else {
-            eprintln!("passwd: no account specified to lock");
-            exit(1);
-        };
-
-        let user = users.get_mut_by_name(login).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            eprintln!("passwd: user does not exist: {}", login);
-            exit(1);
-        });
-
-        user.unset_passwd();
-        users.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        return;
-    }
-
-    let uid = get_uid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    if uid == 0 {
-        let mut users =
-            AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        let user = find_user(&args, &mut users);
-
-        let msg = format!("changing password for '{}' \n", user.user);
-        stdout.write_all(&msg.as_bytes()).r#try(&mut stderr);
-        stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-
-        let new_password = ask_new_password(stdin, stdout, stderr);
-
-        user.set_passwd(&new_password).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        users.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        return;
-    }
-
-    let mut users = AllUsers::basic(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    let user = find_user(&args, &mut users);
-
-    if user.uid != uid {
-        eprintln!(
-            "passwd: you do not have permission to set the password of '{}'",
-            user.user
-        );
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    let msg = format!("changing password for '{}' \n", user.user);
-    stdout.write_all(&msg.as_bytes()).r#try(&mut stderr);
-    stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-
-    drop(users); // Unlock /etc/passwd
-
-    stdout.write_all(b"current password: ").r#try(&mut stderr);
-    stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-
-    let file = libredox::call::open("/scheme/sudo/passwd", O_CLOEXEC, 0).unwrap();
-
-    if let Some(password) = stdin.read_passwd(&mut stdout).r#try(&mut stderr) {
-        stdout.write(b"\n").r#try(&mut stderr);
-        stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-
-        match libredox::call::write(file, password.as_bytes()) {
-            Ok(_) => {}
-            Err(err) if err.errno() == EPERM => {
-                eprintln!("passwd: incorrect current password");
-                exit(1);
-            }
-            Err(err) => panic!("{err}"),
-        }
-    } else {
-        eprintln!("passwd: incorrect current password");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    let new_password = ask_new_password(stdin, stdout, stderr);
-
-    match libredox::call::write(file, new_password.as_bytes()) {
-        Ok(_) => {}
-        Err(err) if err.errno() == EPERM => {
-            eprintln!("passwd: invalid new password");
-            exit(1);
-        }
-        Err(err) => panic!("{err}"),
-    }
-}
-
-fn find_user<'a, T: Default>(
-    args: &clap::ArgMatches<'_>,
-    users: &'a mut AllUsers<T>,
-) -> &'a mut redox_users::User<T> {
-    let uid = get_uid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    match args.value_of("LOGIN") {
-        Some(login) => users.get_mut_by_name(login).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            eprintln!("passwd: user does not exist: {}", login);
-            exit(1);
-        }),
-        None => users.get_mut_by_id(uid).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            eprintln!("passwd: you do not exist");
-            exit(1);
-        }),
-    }
-}
-
-fn ask_new_password(
-    mut stdin: io::StdinLock<'_>,
-    mut stdout: io::StdoutLock<'_>,
-    mut stderr: io::Stderr,
-) -> String {
-    stdout.write_all(b"new password: ").r#try(&mut stderr);
-    stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-    let Some(new_password) = stdin.read_passwd(&mut stdout).r#try(&mut stderr) else {
-        eprintln!("passwd: no new password provided");
-        exit(1);
-    };
-
-    stdout.write(b"\nconfirm password: ").r#try(&mut stderr);
-    stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-    let Some(confirm_password) = stdin.read_passwd(&mut stdout).r#try(&mut stderr) else {
-        eprintln!("\npasswd: no confirm password provided");
-        exit(1);
-    };
-
-    stdout.write(b"\n").r#try(&mut stderr);
-    stdout.flush().r#try(&mut stderr);
-
-    if new_password != confirm_password {
-        eprintln!("passwd: new password does not match confirm password");
-        exit(1);
-    }
-    new_password
-}

src/bin/resize.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+use std::{env, process};
+
+use humansize::{format_size, BINARY, DECIMAL};
+use redoxfs::{BlockAddr, BlockMeta, Disk, DiskFile, FileSystem};
+use uuid::Uuid;
+
+fn resize<D: Disk>(fs: &mut FileSystem<D>, size_arg: String) -> Result<(), String> {
+    let disk_size = fs
+        .disk
+        .size()
+        .map_err(|err| format!("failed to read disk size: {}", err))?;
+
+    // Find contiguous free region
+    //TODO: better error management
+    let mut last_free = None;
+    let mut last_end = 0;
+    fs.tx(|tx| {
+        let mut alloc_ptr = tx.header.alloc;
+        while !alloc_ptr.is_null() {
+            let alloc = tx.read_block(alloc_ptr)?;
+            alloc_ptr = alloc.data().prev;
+            for entry in alloc.data().entries.iter() {
+                let count = entry.count();
+                if count <= 0 {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                let end = entry.index() + count as u64;
+                if end > last_end {
+                    last_free = Some(*entry);
+                    last_end = end;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .map_err(|err| format!("failed to read alloc log: {}", err))?;
+
+    let old_size = fs.header.size();
+    let min_size = if let Some(entry) = last_free {
+        entry.index() * redoxfs::BLOCK_SIZE
+    } else {
+        old_size
+    };
+    let max_size = disk_size - (fs.block * redoxfs::BLOCK_SIZE);
+
+    let new_size = match size_arg.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+        "min" | "minimum" => min_size,
+        "" | "max" | "maximum" => max_size,
+        _ => match parse_size::parse_size(&size_arg) {
+            Ok(new_size) => {
+                if new_size < min_size {
+                    return Err(format!(
+                        "requested size {} is smaller than {} by {}",
+                        new_size,
+                        min_size,
+                        min_size - new_size
+                    ));
+                }
+
+                if new_size > max_size {
+                    return Err(format!(
+                        "requested size {} is larger than {} by {}",
+                        new_size,
+                        max_size,
+                        new_size - max_size
+                    ));
+                }
+
+                new_size
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "failed to parse size argument {:?}: {}",
+                    size_arg, err
+                ));
+            }
+        },
+    };
+
+    println!(
+        "minimum size: {} ({})",
+        format_size(min_size, DECIMAL),
+        format_size(min_size, BINARY)
+    );
+    println!(
+        "maximum size: {} ({})",
+        format_size(max_size, DECIMAL),
+        format_size(max_size, BINARY)
+    );
+    println!(
+        "new size: {} ({})",
+        format_size(new_size, DECIMAL),
+        format_size(new_size, BINARY)
+    );
+
+    let old_blocks = old_size / redoxfs::BLOCK_SIZE;
+    let new_blocks = new_size / redoxfs::BLOCK_SIZE;
+    let (start, end, shrink) = if new_size == old_size {
+        println!("already requested size");
+        return Ok(());
+    } else if new_size < old_size {
+        println!("shrinking by {}", old_size - new_size);
+        (new_blocks, old_blocks, true)
+    } else {
+        println!("growing by {}", new_size - old_size);
+        (old_blocks, new_blocks, false)
+    };
+
+    // Allocate or deallocate blocks as needed
+    unsafe {
+        let allocator = fs.allocator_mut();
+        for index in start..end {
+            if shrink {
+                //TODO: replace assert with error?
+                let addr = BlockAddr::new(index as u64, BlockMeta::default());
+                assert_eq!(allocator.allocate_exact(addr), Some(addr));
+            } else {
+                let addr = BlockAddr::new(index as u64, BlockMeta::default());
+                allocator.deallocate(addr);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fs.tx(|tx| {
+        // Update header
+        tx.header.size = new_size.into();
+        tx.header_changed = true;
+
+        // Sync with squash
+        tx.sync(true)?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    })
+    .map_err(|err| format!("transaction failed: {}", err))
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    env_logger::init();
+
+    let mut args = env::args().skip(1);
+
+    let disk_path = if let Some(path) = args.next() {
+        path
+    } else {
+        eprintln!("redoxfs-resize: no new disk image provided");
+        eprintln!("redoxfs-resize NEW-DISK [SIZE]");
+        process::exit(1);
+    };
+
+    let size_arg = args.next().unwrap_or_default();
+
+    let disk = match DiskFile::open(&disk_path) {
+        Ok(disk) => disk,
+        Err(err) => {
+            eprintln!(
+                "redoxfs-resize: failed to open disk image {}: {}",
+                disk_path, err
+            );
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut fs = match FileSystem::open(disk, None, None, true) {
+        Ok(fs) => fs,
+        Err(err) => {
+            eprintln!(
+                "redoxfs-resize: failed to open filesystem on {}: {}",
+                disk_path, err
+            );
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    match resize(&mut fs, size_arg) {
+        Ok(()) => {}
+        Err(err) => {
+            eprintln!(
+                "redoxfs-resize: failed to resize filesystem on {}: {}",
+                disk_path, err
+            );
+            process::exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    let uuid = Uuid::from_bytes(fs.header.uuid());
+    let size = fs.header.size();
+    let free = fs.allocator().free() * redoxfs::BLOCK_SIZE;
+    let used = size - free;
+    println!("redoxfs-resize: resized filesystem on {}", disk_path);
+    println!("\tuuid: {}", uuid.hyphenated());
+    println!(
+        "\tsize: {} ({})",
+        format_size(size, DECIMAL),
+        format_size(size, BINARY)
+    );
+    println!(
+        "\tused: {} ({})",
+        format_size(used, DECIMAL),
+        format_size(used, BINARY)
+    );
+    println!(
+        "\tfree: {} ({})",
+        format_size(free, DECIMAL),
+        format_size(free, BINARY)
+    );
+}

src/bin/su.rs

@@ -1,84 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
-
-use std::io::{self, Write};
-use std::process::exit;
-use std::str;
-
-use extra::option::OptionalExt;
-use libredox::flag::O_CLOEXEC;
-use redox_users::{All, AllUsers, Config, get_uid};
-use syscall::EPERM;
-use termion::input::TermRead;
-use userutils::spawn_shell;
-
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{su} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    su - substitute user identity
-
-SYNOPSIS
-    su [ user ]
-    su [ -h | --help ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    The su utility requests appropriate user credentials via PAM and switches to
-    that user ID (the default user is the superuser).  A shell is then executed.
-
-OPTIONS
-
-    -h, --help
-        Display this help and exit.
-
-AUTHOR
-    Written by Jeremy Soller, Jose Narvaez.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-
-pub fn main() {
-    let stdin = io::stdin();
-    let mut stdin = stdin.lock();
-    let stdout = io::stdout();
-    let mut stdout = stdout.lock();
-    let mut stderr = io::stderr();
-
-    let args = clap_app!(su =>
-        (author: "Jeremy Soller, Jose Narvaez")
-        (about: "substitue user identity")
-        (@arg LOGIN: "Login as LOGIN. Default is \'root\'")
-    )
-    .get_matches();
-
-    let target_user = args.value_of("LOGIN").unwrap_or("root");
-
-    let uid = get_uid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    let users = AllUsers::basic(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    let user = users.get_by_name(&target_user).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    // If the user executing su is root, then they can do anything without a password.
-    // Same if the user we're being asked to login as doesn't have a password.
-    if uid == 0 {
-        writeln!(stdout).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        exit(spawn_shell(user).unwrap_or_exit(1));
-    } else {
-        let file = libredox::call::open("/scheme/sudo/su", O_CLOEXEC, 0).unwrap();
-
-        write!(stdout, "password: ").unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        stdout.flush().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-        // Read the password, reading an empty string if CTRL-d is specified
-        let password = stdin
-            .read_passwd(&mut stdout)
-            .r#try(&mut stderr)
-            .unwrap_or(String::new());
-
-        match libredox::call::write(file, password.as_bytes()) {
-            Ok(_) => exit(spawn_shell(user).unwrap_or_exit(1)),
-            Err(err) if err.errno() == EPERM => {
-                writeln!(stderr, "su: authentication failed").unwrap_or_exit(1);
-                exit(1);
-            }
-            Err(err) => panic!("{err}"),
-        }
-    }
-}

src/bin/sudo.rs

@@ -1,402 +0,0 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::env;
-use std::io::{self, Write};
-use std::os::fd::{AsRawFd, FromRawFd, OwnedFd, RawFd};
-use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
-use std::process::{Command, exit};
-
-use extra::option::OptionalExt;
-use libredox::flag::O_CLOEXEC;
-use libredox::protocol::ProcCall;
-use redox_rt::sys::proc_call;
-use redox_scheme::scheme::{SchemeSync, register_sync_scheme};
-use redox_scheme::{
-    CallerCtx, OpenResult, RequestKind, Response, SendFdRequest, SignalBehavior, Socket,
-};
-use redox_users::{All, AllGroups, AllUsers, Config, get_uid};
-use syscall::error::*;
-use syscall::flag::*;
-use syscall::schemev2::NewFdFlags;
-use termion::input::TermRead;
-
-const MAX_ATTEMPTS: u16 = 3;
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{sudo} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    sudo - execute a command as another user
-
-SYNOPSIS
-    sudo command
-    sudo [ -h | --help ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    The sudo utility allows a permitted user to execute a command as the
-    superuser or another user, as specified by the security policy.
-
-EXIT STATUS
-    Upon successful execution of a command, the exit status from sudo will
-    be the exit status of the program that was executed. In case of error
-    the exit status will be >0.
-
-AUTHOR
-    Written by Jeremy Soller, Jose Narvaez, bjorn3.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-
-fn main() {
-    if env::args().nth(1).as_deref() == Some("--daemon") {
-        daemon_main();
-    }
-
-    let mut args = env::args().skip(1);
-    let cmd = args.next().unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        eprintln!("sudo: no command provided");
-        exit(1);
-    });
-
-    let users = AllUsers::basic(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    let uid = get_uid().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    let user = users.get_by_id(uid).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    if uid == 0 {
-        // We are root already. No need to elevate privileges
-        run_command_as_root(&cmd, &args.collect());
-    }
-
-    let file = libredox::call::open("/scheme/sudo", O_CLOEXEC, 0).unwrap();
-
-    let mut attempts = 0;
-
-    loop {
-        print!("[sudo] password for {}: ", user.user);
-        let _ = io::stdout().flush();
-
-        match io::stdin().read_passwd(&mut io::stdout()).unwrap() {
-            Some(password) => {
-                println!();
-
-                match libredox::call::write(file, password.as_bytes()) {
-                    Ok(_) => break,
-                    Err(err) if err.errno() == EPERM => {
-                        attempts += 1;
-                        eprintln!(
-                            "sudo: incorrect password or not in sudo group ({}/{})",
-                            attempts, MAX_ATTEMPTS,
-                        );
-                        if attempts >= MAX_ATTEMPTS {
-                            exit(1);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    Err(err) => panic!("{err}"),
-                }
-            }
-            None => {
-                println!();
-                exit(1);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    // FIXME move to libredox
-    unsafe extern "C" {
-        safe fn redox_cur_procfd_v0() -> usize;
-    }
-
-    // Elevate privileges of our own process with help from the sudo daemon
-    syscall::sendfd(
-        file,
-        syscall::dup(redox_cur_procfd_v0(), &[]).unwrap(),
-        0,
-        0,
-    )
-    .unwrap();
-
-    // FIXME perhaps keep the original namespace available in a subdirectory of the namespace we switch to?
-    let ns = syscall::openat(file, "ns", 0, syscall::O_CLOEXEC).unwrap();
-    libredox::call::setns(ns).unwrap();
-
-    run_command_as_root(&cmd, &args.collect());
-}
-
-enum Policy {
-    Deny,
-    Authenticate,
-}
-
-fn policy_for_user(uid: u32) -> Policy {
-    let users = AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    let groups = AllGroups::new(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    let user = users.get_by_id(uid as usize).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    let sudo_group = groups.get_by_name("sudo").unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    if !sudo_group.users.iter().any(|name| name == &user.user) {
-        return Policy::Deny;
-    }
-
-    Policy::Authenticate
-}
-
-fn run_command_as_root(cmd: &str, args: &Vec<String>) -> ! {
-    let mut command = Command::new(&cmd);
-    for arg in args {
-        command.arg(&arg);
-    }
-
-    command.uid(0);
-    command.gid(0);
-    command.env("USER", "root");
-    command.env("UID", "0");
-    command.env("GROUPS", "0");
-
-    let err = command.exec();
-
-    eprintln!("sudo: failed to execute {}: {}", cmd, err);
-    exit(1);
-}
-
-struct Scheme {
-    next_fd: usize,
-    handles: HashMap<usize, Handle>,
-}
-enum Handle {
-    AwaitingPassword { uid: u32 },
-    AwaitingRootPassword,
-    AwaitingContextFd,
-    AwaitingNamespaceFetch { ns: libredox::Fd },
-
-    AwaitingPasswordForPasswd { uid: u32 },
-    AwaitingNewPassword { uid: u32 },
-
-    Placeholder,
-
-    SchemeRoot,
-}
-
-impl SchemeSync for Scheme {
-    fn scheme_root(&mut self) -> Result<usize> {
-        let fd = self.next_fd;
-        self.next_fd = self.next_fd.checked_add(1).ok_or(Error::new(EMFILE))?;
-        self.handles.insert(fd, Handle::SchemeRoot);
-        Ok(fd)
-    }
-    fn openat(
-        &mut self,
-        dirfd: usize,
-        path: &str,
-        _flags: usize,
-        _fcntl_flags: u32,
-        ctx: &CallerCtx,
-    ) -> Result<OpenResult> {
-        let handle = match self.handles.get_mut(&dirfd).ok_or(Error::new(EBADF))? {
-            Handle::SchemeRoot => match path {
-                "" => Handle::AwaitingPassword { uid: ctx.uid },
-                "su" => Handle::AwaitingRootPassword,
-                "passwd" => Handle::AwaitingPasswordForPasswd { uid: ctx.uid },
-                _ => return Err(Error::new(ENOENT)),
-            },
-            Handle::AwaitingNamespaceFetch { .. } => {
-                if path != "ns" {
-                    return Err(Error::new(ENOENT));
-                }
-                let ns = match self.handles.insert(dirfd, Handle::Placeholder).unwrap() {
-                    Handle::AwaitingNamespaceFetch { ns } => ns,
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                };
-                return Ok(OpenResult::OtherScheme { fd: ns.into_raw() });
-            }
-            _ => return Err(Error::new(EINVAL)),
-        };
-
-        let fd = self.next_fd;
-        self.next_fd = self.next_fd.checked_add(1).ok_or(Error::new(EMFILE))?;
-        self.handles.insert(fd, handle);
-
-        Ok(OpenResult::ThisScheme {
-            number: fd,
-            flags: NewFdFlags::empty(),
-        })
-    }
-
-    fn write(
-        &mut self,
-        id: usize,
-        buf: &[u8],
-        _off: u64,
-        _flags: u32,
-        _ctx: &CallerCtx,
-    ) -> Result<usize> {
-        let handle = self.handles.get_mut(&id).ok_or(Error::new(EBADF))?;
-
-        let validate_utf8 = |buf| std::str::from_utf8(buf).map_err(|_| Error::new(EINVAL));
-
-        match std::mem::replace(handle, Handle::Placeholder) {
-            Handle::AwaitingPassword { uid } => {
-                let users = AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-                let user = users.get_by_id(uid as usize).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-                match policy_for_user(uid) {
-                    Policy::Deny => {
-                        *handle = Handle::AwaitingPassword { uid };
-                        return Err(Error::new(EPERM));
-                    }
-                    Policy::Authenticate => {
-                        let password = validate_utf8(buf)?;
-                        if user.verify_passwd(&password) {
-                            *handle = Handle::AwaitingContextFd
-                        } else {
-                            *handle = Handle::AwaitingPassword { uid };
-                            return Err(Error::new(EPERM));
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            Handle::AwaitingRootPassword => {
-                let users = AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-                let user = users.get_by_id(0).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-                let password = validate_utf8(buf)?;
-                if user.verify_passwd(&password) {
-                    *handle = Handle::AwaitingContextFd
-                } else {
-                    *handle = Handle::AwaitingRootPassword;
-                    return Err(Error::new(EPERM));
-                }
-            }
-            Handle::AwaitingContextFd => {
-                *handle = Handle::AwaitingContextFd;
-                return Err(Error::new(EINVAL));
-            }
-
-            Handle::AwaitingPasswordForPasswd { uid } => {
-                let users =
-                    AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default()).map_err(|_| Error::new(ENOLCK))?;
-                let user = users.get_by_id(uid as usize).ok_or(Error::new(EEXIST))?;
-
-                let password = validate_utf8(buf)?;
-                if user.verify_passwd(&password) {
-                    *handle = Handle::AwaitingNewPassword { uid }
-                } else {
-                    *handle = Handle::AwaitingPasswordForPasswd { uid };
-                    return Err(Error::new(EPERM));
-                }
-            }
-            Handle::AwaitingNewPassword { uid } => {
-                let mut users = AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default().writeable(true))
-                    .map_err(|_| Error::new(ENOLCK))?;
-                let user = users
-                    .get_mut_by_id(uid as usize)
-                    .ok_or(Error::new(EEXIST))?;
-
-                let new_password = validate_utf8(buf)?;
-                if user.set_passwd(&new_password).is_ok() {
-                    users.save().map_err(|_| Error::new(ENOLCK))?;
-                    *handle = Handle::Placeholder
-                } else {
-                    *handle = Handle::AwaitingNewPassword { uid };
-                    return Err(Error::new(EPERM));
-                }
-            }
-
-            Handle::AwaitingNamespaceFetch { .. } => {
-                eprintln!("sudo: found namespace fetch handle with ID {id}");
-                return Err(Error::new(EBADFD));
-            }
-
-            Handle::Placeholder => {
-                eprintln!("sudo: found placeholder handle with ID {id}");
-                return Err(Error::new(EBADFD));
-            }
-
-            Handle::SchemeRoot => {
-                eprintln!("sudo: found Scheme root handle with ID {id}");
-                return Err(Error::new(EBADFD));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(buf.len())
-    }
-}
-impl Scheme {
-    fn on_close(&mut self, id: usize) {
-        self.handles.remove(&id);
-    }
-
-    fn on_sendfd(&mut self, socket: &Socket, req: &SendFdRequest) -> Result<usize> {
-        let handle = self.handles.get_mut(&req.id()).ok_or(Error::new(EBADF))?;
-        match std::mem::replace(handle, Handle::Placeholder) {
-            Handle::AwaitingContextFd => {
-                let mut proc_fd = usize::MAX;
-                req.obtain_fd(
-                    socket,
-                    FobtainFdFlags::empty(),
-                    std::slice::from_mut(&mut proc_fd),
-                )?;
-                let proc_fd = unsafe { OwnedFd::from_raw_fd(proc_fd as RawFd) };
-
-                let [ruid, euid, suid] = [0, 0, 0];
-                let [rgid, egid, sgid] = [0, 0, 0];
-                let mut payload = [0; size_of::<u32>() * 6];
-                plain::slice_from_mut_bytes(&mut payload)
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .copy_from_slice(&[ruid, euid, suid, rgid, egid, sgid]);
-
-                if let Err(err) = proc_call(
-                    proc_fd.as_raw_fd() as usize,
-                    &mut payload,
-                    CallFlags::empty(),
-                    &[ProcCall::SetResugid as u64],
-                ) {
-                    eprintln!("failed to setresugid: {err}");
-                }
-
-                *handle = Handle::AwaitingNamespaceFetch {
-                    ns: libredox::Fd::new(
-                        syscall::dup(libredox::call::getns().unwrap(), b"").unwrap(),
-                    ),
-                };
-            }
-            old => {
-                *handle = old;
-                return Err(Error::new(EBADF));
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(0)
-    }
-}
-
-fn daemon_main() -> ! {
-    // TODO: Linux kernel audit-like logging?
-    let socket = Socket::create().expect("failed to open scheme socket");
-
-    let mut scheme = Scheme {
-        next_fd: 1,
-        handles: HashMap::new(),
-    };
-    let mut scheme_state = redox_scheme::scheme::SchemeState::new();
-
-    register_sync_scheme(&socket, "sudo", &mut scheme)
-        .expect("failed to register sudo scheme to namespace");
-
-    loop {
-        let Some(req) = socket
-            .next_request(SignalBehavior::Restart)
-            .expect("failed to get request")
-        else {
-            break;
-        };
-
-        let response = match req.kind() {
-            RequestKind::Call(call) => call.handle_sync(&mut scheme, &mut scheme_state),
-            RequestKind::SendFd(req) => Response::new(scheme.on_sendfd(&socket, &req), req),
-            RequestKind::OnClose { id } => {
-                scheme.on_close(id);
-                continue;
-            }
-            _ => continue,
-        };
-
-        socket
-            .write_response(response, SignalBehavior::Restart)
-            .expect("sudo: scheme write failed");
-    }
-    std::process::exit(0)
-}

src/bin/useradd.rs

@@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
-
-use std::process::exit;
-
-use extra::option::OptionalExt;
-use redox_users::{All, AllGroups, AllUsers, Config, GroupBuilder, UserBuilder};
-use userutils::create_user_dir;
-
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{useradd} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    useradd - add a new user
-
-SYNOPSYS
-    useradd [ options ] LOGIN
-    useradd [ -h | --help ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    The useradd utility creates a new user based on
-    system defaults and values passed on the command line.
-
-    Useradd creates a new group for the user by default and
-    can also be instructed to create the user's home directory.
-
-    Note that useradd creates a new user with the password
-    unset (no login). This is better documented with the
-    redox_users crate.
-
-OPTIONS
-    -h, --help
-        Display this help and exit.
-
-    -c, --comment
-        Any text string, usually used as the user's full name.
-        Historically known as the GECOS field
-
-    -d, --home-dir HOME_DIR
-        The new user will be created with HOME_DIR as their home
-        directory. The default value is LOGIN prepended with "/home/".
-        This flag DOES NOT create the home directory. See --create-home
-
-    -g, --gid GID
-        The group id to use when creating the default login group. This value
-        must not be in use and must be non-negative. The default is to pick the
-        smallest available group id between values defined in redox_users.
-
-    -m, --create-home
-        Creates the user's home directory if it does not already exist.
-
-        This option is not enabled by default. This option must be specified
-        for a home directory to be created. If not set, the user's home dir is
-        set to "/"
-
-    -N, --no-user-group
-        Do not attempt to create the user's user group. Instead, the groupid
-        is set to 99 ("nobody"). -N and -g are mutually exclusive.
-
-    -s, --shell SHELL
-        The path to the user's default login shell. If not specified, the
-        default shell is set as "/bin/ion"
-
-    -u, --uid UID
-        The user id to use. This value must not be in use and must be
-        non-negative. The default is to pick the smallest available
-        user id between the defaults defined in redox_users
-
-AUTHORS
-    Written by Wesley Hershberger.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-const DEFAULT_SHELL: &'static str = "/bin/ion";
-const DEFAULT_HOME: &'static str = "/home";
-const DEFAULT_NO_GROUP: &'static str = "nobody";
-
-fn main() {
-    let args = clap_app!(useradd =>
-        (author: "Wesley Hershberger")
-        (about: "Add users based on the system's redox_users backend")
-        (@arg LOGIN:
-            +required
-            "Add user LOGIN")
-        (@arg COMMENT:
-            -c --comment
-            +takes_value
-            "Set user description (GECOS field)")
-        (@arg HOME_DIR:
-            -d --("home-dir")
-            +takes_value
-            "Set LOGIN's home dir to HOME_DIR (does not create directory)")
-        (@arg CREATE_HOME:
-            -m --("create-home")
-            "Create the user's home directory")
-        (@arg SHELL:
-            -s --shell
-            +takes_value
-            "Set user's default login shell")
-        (@arg GID:
-            -g --gid
-            +takes_value
-            "Set LOGIN's primary group id. Positive integer and must not be in use.")
-        (@arg NO_USER_GROUP:
-            -N --("no-user-group")
-            conflicts_with[GID]
-            "Do not create primary user group (set gid to 99, \"nobody\")")
-        (@arg UID:
-            -u --uid
-            +takes_value
-            "Set LOGIN's user id. Positive ineger and must not be in use.")
-    )
-    .get_matches();
-
-    // unwrap is safe because of "+required". clap-rs is cool...
-    let login = args.value_of("LOGIN").unwrap();
-
-    let mut sys_users =
-        AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    let mut sys_groups = AllGroups::new(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    let uid = match args.value_of("UID") {
-        Some(uid) => {
-            let id = uid.parse::<usize>().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-            if let Some(_user) = sys_users.get_by_id(id) {
-                eprintln!("useradd: userid already in use: {}", id);
-                exit(1);
-            }
-            id
-        }
-        None => sys_users.get_unique_id().unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            eprintln!("useradd: no available uid");
-            exit(1);
-        }),
-    };
-
-    let gid = if args.is_present("NO_USER_GROUP") {
-        let nobody = sys_groups
-            .get_mut_by_name(DEFAULT_NO_GROUP)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                eprintln!("useradd: group not found: {}", DEFAULT_NO_GROUP);
-                exit(1)
-            });
-        nobody.users.push(login.to_string());
-        99
-    } else {
-        let id = match args.value_of("GID") {
-            Some(id) => {
-                let id = id.parse::<usize>().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-                if let Some(_group) = sys_groups.get_by_id(id) {
-                    eprintln!("useradd: group already exists with gid: {}", id);
-                    exit(1);
-                }
-                id
-            }
-            None => sys_groups.get_unique_id().unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                eprintln!("useradd: no available gid");
-                exit(1);
-            }),
-        };
-        sys_groups
-            .add_group(GroupBuilder::new(login).gid(id).user(login))
-            .unwrap_or_else(|err| {
-                eprintln!("useradd: {}: {}", err, login);
-                exit(1);
-            });
-        id
-    };
-
-    let gecos = args.value_of("COMMENT").unwrap_or(login);
-
-    //Ugly way to satisfy the borrow checker...
-    let mut sys_homes = String::from(DEFAULT_HOME);
-    let userhome = args.value_of("HOME_DIR").unwrap_or_else(|| {
-        if args.is_present("CREATE_HOME") {
-            sys_homes.push_str("/");
-            sys_homes.push_str(&login);
-            sys_homes.as_str()
-        } else {
-            "/"
-        }
-    });
-
-    let shell = args.value_of("SHELL").unwrap_or(DEFAULT_SHELL);
-
-    let user = UserBuilder::new(login)
-        .uid(uid)
-        .gid(gid)
-        .name(gecos)
-        .home(userhome)
-        .shell(shell);
-    sys_users.add_user(user).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
-        eprintln!("useradd: {}: {}", err, login);
-        exit(1);
-    });
-
-    // Make sure to try and create the user/groups before we create
-    // their home, that way we get a permissions error that makes
-    // more sense
-    sys_groups.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    sys_users.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-    if args.is_present("CREATE_HOME") {
-        //Shouldn't ever error...
-        let user = sys_users.get_by_id(uid).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        create_user_dir(user, userhome).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    }
-}

src/bin/userdel.rs

@@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
-
-use std::fs::remove_dir;
-use std::process::exit;
-
-use extra::option::OptionalExt;
-use redox_users::{All, AllGroups, AllUsers, Config};
-use userutils::AllGroupsExt;
-
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{userdel} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    userdel - modify system files to delete users
-
-SYNOPSYS
-    userdel [ options ] LOGIN
-    userdel [ -h | --help ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    userdel removes users from whatever backend is employed by
-    the system's redox_users. The utility removes the user from
-    all groups of which they are a member.
-
-    It can also be used to manage removal of home directories.
-
-OPTIONS
-    -h, --help
-        Print this help page and exit.
-
-    -r, --remove
-        The user's home directory and all files inside will be
-        removed.
-
-AUTHORS
-    Wesley Hershberger.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-
-fn main() {
-    let args = clap_app!(userdel =>
-        (author: "Wesley Hershberger")
-        (about: "Removes system users using redox_users")
-        (@arg LOGIN: +required "Remove user LOGIN")
-        (@arg REMOVE: -r --remove "Remove the user's home and all files and directories inside")
-    )
-    .get_matches();
-
-    let login = args.value_of("LOGIN").unwrap();
-
-    let mut sys_users =
-        AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    let mut sys_groups = AllGroups::new(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    {
-        sys_groups.remove_user_from_all_groups(login);
-
-        if args.is_present("REMOVE") {
-            let user = sys_users.get_by_name(login).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                eprintln!("userdel: user does not exist: {}", login);
-                exit(1);
-            });
-            remove_dir(&user.home).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        }
-    }
-
-    sys_users.remove_by_name(login.to_string());
-
-    sys_groups.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    sys_users.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-}

src/bin/usermod.rs

@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
-#[macro_use]
-extern crate clap;
-
-use std::fs::{remove_dir, rename};
-use std::process::exit;
-
-use extra::option::OptionalExt;
-use redox_users::{All, AllGroups, AllUsers, Config};
-use userutils::{AllGroupsExt, create_user_dir};
-
-const _MAN_PAGE: &'static str = /* @MANSTART{usermod} */
-    r#"
-NAME
-    usermod - modify user information
-
-SYNOPSYS
-    usermod [ options ] LOGIN
-    usermod [ -h | --help ]
-
-DESCRIPTION
-    The usermod utility can be used to modify user information.
-
-    This utility uses the redox_users API, so the backend is whatever
-    backend in use on the system for that API at the time.
-
-    See passwd for setting user passwords.
-
-OPTIONS
-    -h, --help
-        Display this help and exit.
-
-    -c, --comment COMMENT
-        The comment field (or GECOS, historically) for the user. This
-        is typically the full name of the user, although sometimes it
-        includes an e-mail.
-
-    -d, --home-dir HOME_DIR
-        Sets the home directory to HOME_DIR and creates the directory.
-        See -m for move
-
-    -m, --move-home
-        Moves the the user's old home directory into the home directory
-        specified by --home-dir. Has no effect if passed without --home-dir
-
-    -G, --append-groups GROUP[,GROUP, ...]
-        Add this user to GROUP groups. This does not remove the user from
-        any group of which they are already a member.
-
-    -S, --set-groups GROUP[,GROUP, ...]
-        Remove the user from all groups of which they are a part and add
-        them to GROUP groups.
-
-    -g, --gid GID
-        Set the user's primary group id. If the group does not exist,
-        a warning is issued and no changes are applied.
-
-    -l, --login NEW_LOGIN
-        Set the new login name for the user. Must not be in use.
-
-    -s, --shell SHELL
-        Set the user's login shell as SHELL. This must be a full path.
-
-    -u, --uid UID
-        Set the user's user id. If another user's userid is the same as
-        UID, a warning is issued and no changes are applied. Note that
-        changing the value of the user's userid may have unexpected consequences.
-
-AUTHORS
-    Written by Wesley Hershberger.
-"#; /* @MANEND */
-
-fn main() {
-    let args = clap_app!(usermod =>
-        (author: "Wesley Hershberger")
-        (about: "Modify users according to the system's redox_users backend")
-        (@arg LOGIN:
-            +required
-            "Apply modifications to LOGIN")
-        (@arg COMMENT:
-            -c --comment
-            +takes_value
-            "Set LOGIN's description (GECOS field)")
-        (@arg HOME_DIR:
-            -d --("home-dir")
-            +takes_value
-            "Create and set LOGIN's home directory")
-        (@arg MOVE_HOME:
-            -m --("move-home")
-            requires[HOME_DIR]
-            "Move LOGIN's old home to HOME_DIR (see --home-dir) instead of creating it. Requires -d")
-        (@arg APPEND_GROUPS:
-            -G --("append-groups")
-            +takes_value conflicts_with[SET_GROUPS]
-            "Add user to groups specified (comma separated list, see man page)")
-        (@arg SET_GROUPS:
-            -S --("set-groups")
-            +takes_value conflicts_with[APPEND_GROUPS]
-            "Set LOGIN's groups as specified (truncates existing, see man page)")
-        (@arg GID:
-            -g --gid
-            +takes_value
-            "Set LOGIN's primary group id. Group must exist")
-        (@arg NEW_LOGIN:
-            -l --login
-            +takes_value
-            "Set LOGIN's name to NEW_LOGIN")
-        (@arg SHELL:
-            -s --shell
-            +takes_value
-            "Set LOGIN's default login shell")
-        (@arg UID:
-            -u --uid
-            +takes_value
-            "Set LOGIN's user id. See man page for details")
-    ).get_matches();
-
-    let login = args.value_of("LOGIN").unwrap();
-
-    //TODO: Does not always need shadowfile access
-    let mut sys_users =
-        AllUsers::authenticator(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    let mut sys_groups;
-
-    if let Some(new_groups) = args.value_of("SET_GROUPS") {
-        sys_groups = AllGroups::new(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        sys_groups.remove_user_from_all_groups(login);
-        sys_groups
-            .add_user_to_groups(login, new_groups.split(',').collect())
-            .unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        sys_groups.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    }
-
-    if let Some(new_groups) = args.value_of("APPEND_GROUPS") {
-        sys_groups = AllGroups::new(Config::default().writeable(true)).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        sys_groups
-            .add_user_to_groups(login, new_groups.split(',').collect())
-            .unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        sys_groups.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-    }
-
-    let uid = args.value_of("UID").map(|uid| {
-        let uid = uid.parse::<usize>().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-        if let Some(_user) = sys_users.get_by_id(uid) {
-            eprintln!("usermod: userid already in use: {}", uid);
-            exit(1);
-        }
-        uid
-    });
-
-    {
-        let user = sys_users.get_mut_by_name(&login).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-            eprintln!("usermod: user \"{}\" not found", login);
-            exit(1);
-        });
-
-        if let Some(gecos) = args.value_of("COMMENT") {
-            user.name = gecos.to_string();
-        }
-
-        if let Some(new_login) = args.value_of("NEW_LOGIN") {
-            user.user = new_login.to_string();
-        }
-
-        if let Some(shell) = args.value_of("SHELL") {
-            user.shell = shell.to_string();
-        }
-
-        if let Some(home) = args.value_of("HOME_DIR") {
-            if args.is_present("MOVE_HOME") {
-                rename(&user.home, &home).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-            } else {
-                create_user_dir(user, &home).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-                remove_dir(&user.home).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-            }
-            user.home = home.to_string();
-        }
-
-        if let Some(uid) = uid {
-            user.uid = uid;
-        }
-
-        if let Some(gid) = args.value_of("GID") {
-            sys_groups = AllGroups::new(Config::default()).unwrap_or_exit(1);
-            let gid = gid.parse::<usize>().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-
-            if let Some(_group) = sys_groups.get_by_id(gid) {
-                user.gid = gid;
-            } else {
-                eprintln!("usermod: no group found for id: {}", gid);
-                exit(1);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    sys_users.save().unwrap_or_exit(1);
-}

src/block.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+use core::{fmt, marker::PhantomData, mem, ops, slice};
+use endian_num::Le;
+
+use crate::BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+const BLOCK_LIST_ENTRIES: usize = BLOCK_SIZE as usize / mem::size_of::<BlockPtr<BlockRaw>>();
+
+/// An address of a data block.
+///
+/// This encodes a block's position _and_ [`BlockLevel`]:
+/// the first four bits of this `u64` encode the block's level,
+/// the next four bits indicates decompression level,
+/// the rest encode its index.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub struct BlockAddr(u64);
+
+impl BlockAddr {
+    const INDEX_SHIFT: u64 = 8;
+    const DECOMP_LEVEL_MASK: u64 = 0xF0;
+    const DECOMP_LEVEL_SHIFT: u64 = 4;
+    const LEVEL_MASK: u64 = 0xF;
+
+    // Unsafe because this can create invalid blocks
+    pub unsafe fn new(index: u64, meta: BlockMeta) -> Self {
+        // Level must fit within LEVEL_MASK
+        if meta.level.0 > Self::LEVEL_MASK as usize {
+            panic!("block level too large");
+        }
+
+        // Decomp level must fit within DECOMP_LEVEL_MASK
+        let decomp_level = meta.decomp_level.unwrap_or_default();
+        if (decomp_level.0 << Self::DECOMP_LEVEL_SHIFT) > Self::DECOMP_LEVEL_MASK as usize {
+            panic!("decompressed block level too large");
+        }
+
+        // Index must not use the metadata bits
+        let inner = index
+            .checked_shl(Self::INDEX_SHIFT as u32)
+            .expect("block index too large")
+            | ((decomp_level.0 as u64) << Self::DECOMP_LEVEL_SHIFT)
+            | (meta.level.0 as u64);
+        Self(inner)
+    }
+
+    pub fn null(meta: BlockMeta) -> Self {
+        unsafe { Self::new(0, meta) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn index(&self) -> u64 {
+        // The first four bits store the level
+        self.0 >> Self::INDEX_SHIFT
+    }
+
+    pub fn level(&self) -> BlockLevel {
+        // The first four bits store the level
+        BlockLevel((self.0 & Self::LEVEL_MASK) as usize)
+    }
+
+    pub fn decomp_level(&self) -> Option<BlockLevel> {
+        let value = (self.0 & Self::DECOMP_LEVEL_MASK) >> Self::DECOMP_LEVEL_SHIFT;
+        if value != 0 {
+            Some(BlockLevel(value as usize))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn meta(&self) -> BlockMeta {
+        BlockMeta {
+            level: self.level(),
+            decomp_level: self.decomp_level(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
+        self.index() == 0
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq)]
+pub struct BlockMeta {
+    pub(crate) level: BlockLevel,
+    pub(crate) decomp_level: Option<BlockLevel>,
+}
+
+impl BlockMeta {
+    pub fn new(level: BlockLevel) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            level,
+            decomp_level: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_compressed(level: BlockLevel, decomp_level: BlockLevel) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            level,
+            decomp_level: Some(decomp_level),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The size of a block.
+///
+/// Level 0 blocks are blocks of [`BLOCK_SIZE`] bytes.
+/// A level 1 block consists of two consecutive level 0 blocks.
+/// A level n block consists of two consecutive level n-1 blocks.
+///
+/// See [`crate::Allocator`] docs for more details.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub struct BlockLevel(pub(crate) usize);
+
+impl BlockLevel {
+    /// Returns the smallest block level that can contain
+    /// the given number of bytes.
+    pub(crate) fn for_bytes(bytes: u64) -> Self {
+        if bytes == 0 {
+            return BlockLevel(0);
+        }
+        let level = bytes
+            .div_ceil(BLOCK_SIZE)
+            .next_power_of_two()
+            .trailing_zeros() as usize;
+        BlockLevel(level)
+    }
+
+    /// The number of [`BLOCK_SIZE`] blocks (i.e, level 0 blocks)
+    /// in a block of this level
+    pub fn blocks<T: From<u32>>(self) -> T {
+        T::from(1u32 << self.0)
+    }
+
+    /// The number of bytes in a block of this level
+    pub fn bytes(self) -> u64 {
+        BLOCK_SIZE << self.0
+    }
+}
+
+pub unsafe trait BlockTrait {
+    /// Create an empty block of this type.
+    fn empty(level: BlockLevel) -> Option<Self>
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+}
+
+/// A [`BlockAddr`] and the data it points to.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct BlockData<T> {
+    addr: BlockAddr,
+    data: T,
+}
+
+impl<T> BlockData<T> {
+    pub fn new(addr: BlockAddr, data: T) -> Self {
+        Self { addr, data }
+    }
+
+    pub fn addr(&self) -> BlockAddr {
+        self.addr
+    }
+
+    pub fn data(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.data
+    }
+
+    pub fn data_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
+        &mut self.data
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) unsafe fn into_parts(self) -> (BlockAddr, T) {
+        (self.addr, self.data)
+    }
+
+    /// Set the address of this [`BlockData`] to `addr`, returning this
+    /// block's old address. This method does not update block data.
+    ///
+    /// `addr` must point to a block with the same level as this block.
+    #[must_use = "don't forget to de-allocate old block address"]
+    pub fn swap_addr(&mut self, addr: BlockAddr) -> BlockAddr {
+        // Address levels must match
+        assert_eq!(self.addr.level(), addr.level());
+        let old = self.addr;
+        self.addr = addr;
+        old
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: BlockTrait> BlockData<T> {
+    pub fn empty(addr: BlockAddr) -> Option<Self> {
+        let empty = T::empty(addr.level())?;
+        Some(Self::new(addr, empty))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: ops::Deref<Target = [u8]>> BlockData<T> {
+    pub fn create_ptr(&self) -> BlockPtr<T> {
+        BlockPtr {
+            addr: self.addr.0.into(),
+            hash: seahash::hash(self.data.deref()).into(),
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct BlockList<T> {
+    pub ptrs: [BlockPtr<T>; BLOCK_LIST_ENTRIES],
+}
+
+unsafe impl<T> BlockTrait for BlockList<T> {
+    fn empty(level: BlockLevel) -> Option<Self> {
+        if level.0 == 0 {
+            Some(Self {
+                ptrs: [BlockPtr::default(); BLOCK_LIST_ENTRIES],
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> BlockList<T> {
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.ptrs.iter().all(|ptr| ptr.is_null())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> ops::Deref for BlockList<T> {
+    type Target = [u8];
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts(
+                self as *const BlockList<T> as *const u8,
+                mem::size_of::<BlockList<T>>(),
+            ) as &[u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> ops::DerefMut for BlockList<T> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
+                self as *mut BlockList<T> as *mut u8,
+                mem::size_of::<BlockList<T>>(),
+            ) as &mut [u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// An address of a data block, along with a checksum of its data.
+///
+/// This encodes a block's position _and_ [`BlockLevel`].
+/// the first four bits of `addr` encode the block's level,
+/// the rest encode its index.
+///
+/// Also see [`BlockAddr`].
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct BlockPtr<T> {
+    addr: Le<u64>,
+    hash: Le<u64>,
+    phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T> BlockPtr<T> {
+    pub fn null(meta: BlockMeta) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            addr: BlockAddr::null(meta).0.into(),
+            hash: 0.into(),
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn addr(&self) -> BlockAddr {
+        BlockAddr(self.addr.to_ne())
+    }
+
+    pub fn hash(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.hash.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
+        self.addr().is_null()
+    }
+
+    pub fn marker(level: u8) -> Self {
+        assert!(level <= 0xF);
+        Self {
+            addr: (0xFFFF_FFFF_FFFF_FFF0 | (level as u64)).into(),
+            hash: u64::MAX.into(),
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_marker(&self) -> bool {
+        (self.addr.to_ne() | 0xF) == u64::MAX && self.hash.to_ne() == u64::MAX
+    }
+
+    /// Cast BlockPtr to another type
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    /// Unsafe because it can be used to transmute types
+    pub unsafe fn cast<U>(self) -> BlockPtr<U> {
+        BlockPtr {
+            addr: self.addr,
+            hash: self.hash,
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use = "the returned pointer should usually be deallocated"]
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) -> BlockPtr<T> {
+        let mut ptr = Self::default();
+        mem::swap(self, &mut ptr);
+        ptr
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Clone for BlockPtr<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        *self
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Copy for BlockPtr<T> {}
+
+impl<T> Default for BlockPtr<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            addr: 0.into(),
+            hash: 0.into(),
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> fmt::Debug for BlockPtr<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let addr = self.addr();
+        let hash = self.hash();
+        f.debug_struct("BlockPtr")
+            .field("addr", &addr)
+            .field("hash", &hash)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BlockRaw([u8; BLOCK_SIZE as usize]);
+
+unsafe impl BlockTrait for BlockRaw {
+    fn empty(level: BlockLevel) -> Option<Self> {
+        if level.0 == 0 {
+            Some(Self([0; BLOCK_SIZE as usize]))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Deref for BlockRaw {
+    type Target = [u8];
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::DerefMut for BlockRaw {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn block_list_size_test() {
+    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<BlockList<BlockRaw>>(), BLOCK_SIZE as usize);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn block_raw_size_test() {
+    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<BlockRaw>(), BLOCK_SIZE as usize);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn block_ptr_marker_test() {
+    let ptr = BlockPtr::<BlockRaw>::marker(0);
+    assert_eq!(ptr.addr().level().0, 0);
+    assert!(ptr.is_marker());
+
+    let ptr = BlockPtr::<BlockRaw>::marker(2);
+    assert_eq!(ptr.addr().level().0, 2);
+    assert!(ptr.is_marker());
+}

src/clone.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+use crate::{Disk, FileSystem, Node, Transaction, TreePtr, BLOCK_SIZE};
+
+fn tx_progress<D: Disk, F: FnMut(u64)>(tx: &mut Transaction<D>, progress: &mut F) {
+    let size = tx.header.size();
+    let free = tx.allocator.free() * BLOCK_SIZE;
+    progress(size - free);
+}
+
+//TODO: handle hard links
+fn clone_at<D: Disk, E: Disk, F: FnMut(u64)>(
+    tx_old: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    parent_ptr_old: TreePtr<Node>,
+    tx: &mut Transaction<E>,
+    parent_ptr: TreePtr<Node>,
+    buf: &mut [u8],
+    progress: &mut F,
+) -> syscall::Result<()> {
+    let mut entries = Vec::new();
+    tx_old.child_nodes(parent_ptr_old, &mut entries)?;
+    for entry in entries {
+        //TODO: return error instead?
+        let Some(name) = entry.name() else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        let node_ptr_old = entry.node_ptr();
+        let node_old = tx_old.read_tree(node_ptr_old)?;
+
+        //TODO: this slows down the clone, but Redox has issues without this (Linux is fine)
+        if tx.write_cache.len() > 64 {
+            tx.sync(false)?;
+        }
+
+        let node_ptr = {
+            let mode = node_old.data().mode();
+            let (ctime, ctime_nsec) = node_old.data().ctime();
+            let (mtime, mtime_nsec) = node_old.data().mtime();
+            let mut node = tx.create_node(parent_ptr, &name, mode, ctime, ctime_nsec)?;
+            node.data_mut().set_uid(node_old.data().uid());
+            node.data_mut().set_gid(node_old.data().gid());
+            node.data_mut().set_mtime(mtime, mtime_nsec);
+
+            if !node_old.data().is_dir() {
+                let mut offset = 0;
+                loop {
+                    let count = tx_old.read_node_inner(&node_old, offset, buf)?;
+                    if count == 0 {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    tx.write_node_inner(&mut node, &mut offset, &buf[..count])?;
+                }
+            }
+
+            let node_ptr = node.ptr();
+            tx.sync_tree(node)?;
+            node_ptr
+        };
+
+        tx_progress(tx, progress);
+
+        if node_old.data().is_dir() {
+            clone_at(tx_old, node_ptr_old, tx, node_ptr, buf, progress)?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub fn clone<D: Disk, E: Disk, F: FnMut(u64)>(
+    fs_old: &mut FileSystem<D>,
+    fs: &mut FileSystem<E>,
+    mut progress: F,
+) -> syscall::Result<()> {
+    fs_old.tx(|tx_old| {
+        let mut tx = Transaction::new(fs);
+
+        // Clone at root node
+        let mut buf = vec![0; 4 * 1024 * 1024];
+        clone_at(
+            tx_old,
+            TreePtr::root(),
+            &mut tx,
+            TreePtr::root(),
+            &mut buf,
+            &mut progress,
+        )?;
+
+        // Commit and squash alloc log
+        tx.commit(true)
+    })
+}

src/dir.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+use core::{mem, ops, slice, str};
+
+use crate::{BlockLevel, BlockTrait, Node, TreePtr, BLOCK_SIZE, DIR_ENTRY_MAX_LENGTH};
+
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct DirEntry {
+    node_ptr: TreePtr<Node>,
+    name: [u8; DIR_ENTRY_MAX_LENGTH],
+}
+
+impl DirEntry {
+    pub fn new(node_ptr: TreePtr<Node>, name: &str) -> DirEntry {
+        let mut entry = DirEntry {
+            node_ptr,
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+
+        entry.name[..name.len()].copy_from_slice(name.as_bytes());
+
+        entry
+    }
+
+    pub fn node_ptr(&self) -> TreePtr<Node> {
+        self.node_ptr
+    }
+
+    fn name_len(&self) -> usize {
+        let mut len = 0;
+        while len < self.name.len() {
+            if self.name[len] == 0 {
+                break;
+            }
+            len += 1;
+        }
+        len
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        let len = self.name_len();
+        //TODO: report utf8 error?
+        str::from_utf8(&self.name[..len]).ok()
+    }
+
+    // 4 bytes TreePtr
+    // 1 byte name_len
+    const SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE: usize = mem::size_of::<TreePtr<Node>>() + 1;
+
+    pub fn serialized_size(&self) -> usize {
+        DirEntry::SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE + self.name_len()
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_into(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Option<usize> {
+        let required = self.serialized_size();
+        if buf.len() < required {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        buf[0..4].copy_from_slice(&self.node_ptr().to_bytes());
+        buf[4] = self.name_len() as u8;
+        buf[5..5 + self.name_len()].copy_from_slice(&self.name[..self.name_len()]);
+
+        Some(required)
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_from(buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(Self, usize), &'static str> {
+        if buf.len() <= DirEntry::SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE {
+            return Err("Buffer too small");
+        }
+
+        let node_ptr: TreePtr<Node> =
+            TreePtr::from_bytes(buf[0..4].try_into().expect("Slice must be 4 bytes long"));
+        let name_len = buf[4] as usize;
+
+        if name_len < 1 || name_len > DIR_ENTRY_MAX_LENGTH {
+            return Err("Invalid name length");
+        }
+
+        if buf.len() < DirEntry::SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE + name_len {
+            return Err("Buffer too small");
+        }
+
+        let mut name = [0u8; DIR_ENTRY_MAX_LENGTH];
+        name[..name_len].copy_from_slice(
+            &buf[DirEntry::SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE..DirEntry::SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE + name_len],
+        );
+
+        Ok((
+            DirEntry { node_ptr, name },
+            DirEntry::SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE + name_len,
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for DirEntry {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            node_ptr: TreePtr::default(),
+            name: [0; DIR_ENTRY_MAX_LENGTH],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct DirList {
+    count: u16,
+    entry_bytes_len: u16,
+    entry_bytes: [u8; BLOCK_SIZE as usize - 4],
+}
+
+unsafe impl BlockTrait for DirList {
+    fn empty(level: BlockLevel) -> Option<Self> {
+        if level.0 == 0 {
+            Some(Self {
+                count: 0,
+                entry_bytes_len: 0,
+                entry_bytes: [0; BLOCK_SIZE as usize - 4],
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DirList {
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.count == 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn entries(&self) -> DirEntryIterator<'_> {
+        DirEntryIterator {
+            dir_list: self,
+            emit_count: 0,
+            position: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn entry_position_for_name(&self, name: &str) -> Option<usize> {
+        let name_len = name.len();
+        let mut position = 0;
+        let mut entry_id = 0;
+
+        while entry_id < self.count {
+            let entry_name_len = self.entry_bytes[position + 4] as usize;
+            if entry_name_len == name_len {
+                let start = DirEntry::SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE + position;
+                let entry_name = &self.entry_bytes[start..start + entry_name_len];
+                if entry_name == name.as_bytes() {
+                    return Some(position);
+                }
+            }
+            position += DirEntry::SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE + entry_name_len;
+            entry_id += 1;
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_entry(&self, name: &str) -> Option<DirEntry> {
+        if let Some(position) = self.entry_position_for_name(name) {
+            let (entry, _) = DirEntry::deserialize_from(&self.entry_bytes[position..]).unwrap();
+            return Some(entry);
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove_entry(&mut self, name: &str) -> bool {
+        if let Some(position) = self.entry_position_for_name(name) {
+            let entry_size =
+                DirEntry::SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE + self.entry_bytes[position + 4] as usize;
+            let remaining_size = self.entry_bytes_len as usize - position - entry_size;
+            if remaining_size > 0 {
+                self.entry_bytes.copy_within(
+                    position + entry_size..self.entry_bytes_len as usize,
+                    position,
+                );
+            }
+            self.entry_bytes_len -= entry_size as u16;
+            self.count -= 1;
+            return true;
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub fn for_each_entry<F>(&self, mut f: F)
+    where
+        F: FnMut(&[u8; 4], &[u8]),
+    {
+        let mut position = 0;
+        let mut entry_id = 0;
+
+        while entry_id < self.count {
+            let node_ptr_bytes = &self.entry_bytes[position..position + 4];
+            //let node_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::from_bytes(node_ptr_bytes.try_into().unwrap());
+            let entry_name_len = self.entry_bytes[position + 4] as usize;
+            let start = DirEntry::SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE + position;
+            let entry_name = &self.entry_bytes[start..start + entry_name_len];
+
+            f(node_ptr_bytes.try_into().unwrap(), entry_name);
+
+            position += DirEntry::SERIALIZED_PREFIX_SIZE + entry_name_len;
+            entry_id += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn append(&mut self, entry: &DirEntry) -> bool {
+        let entry_bytes_len = self.entry_bytes_len as usize;
+        if let Some(size) = entry.serialize_into(&mut self.entry_bytes[entry_bytes_len..]) {
+            self.count += 1;
+            self.entry_bytes_len += size as u16;
+            return true;
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    pub fn entry_count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.count as usize
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Deref for DirList {
+    type Target = [u8];
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts(
+                self as *const DirList as *const u8,
+                mem::size_of::<DirList>(),
+            ) as &[u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::DerefMut for DirList {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self as *mut DirList as *mut u8, mem::size_of::<DirList>())
+                as &mut [u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct DirEntryIterator<'a> {
+    dir_list: &'a DirList,
+    emit_count: usize,
+    position: usize,
+}
+
+impl Iterator for DirEntryIterator<'_> {
+    type Item = DirEntry;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        if self.emit_count < self.dir_list.entry_count() {
+            let position = self.position;
+            let (entry, bytes_read) =
+                DirEntry::deserialize_from(&self.dir_list.entry_bytes[position..]).unwrap();
+
+            self.emit_count += 1;
+            self.position += bytes_read;
+
+            Some(entry)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    use alloc::format;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn dir_list_size_test() {
+        use core::ops::Deref;
+        assert_eq!(
+            DirList::empty(BlockLevel(0)).unwrap().deref().len(),
+            BLOCK_SIZE as usize
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_append() {
+        let mut dir_list = DirList::empty(BlockLevel(0)).unwrap();
+        let dirent = DirEntry::new(TreePtr::new(123), "test000");
+
+        assert!(dir_list.append(&dirent));
+        assert_eq!(dir_list.entry_count(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(dir_list.entry_bytes_len as usize, dirent.serialized_size());
+
+        let max_entries = dir_list.entry_bytes.len() / dirent.serialized_size();
+        for i in 1..max_entries {
+            let dirent = DirEntry::new(TreePtr::new(123), format!("test{i:03}").as_str());
+            assert!(dir_list.append(&dirent), "Failed on iteration {i}");
+        }
+        let dirent = DirEntry::new(TreePtr::new(123), format!("test{max_entries}").as_str());
+        assert!(!dir_list.append(&dirent));
+
+        for (i, entry) in dir_list.entries().enumerate() {
+            assert_eq!(entry.name().unwrap(), format!("test{i:03}"));
+        }
+    }
+}

src/disk/cache.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
+use std::{cmp, ptr};
+use syscall::error::Result;
+
+use crate::disk::Disk;
+use crate::BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+fn copy_memory(src: &[u8], dest: &mut [u8]) -> usize {
+    let len = cmp::min(src.len(), dest.len());
+    unsafe { ptr::copy(src.as_ptr(), dest.as_mut_ptr(), len) };
+    len
+}
+
+pub struct DiskCache<T> {
+    inner: T,
+    cache: HashMap<u64, [u8; BLOCK_SIZE as usize]>,
+    order: VecDeque<u64>,
+    size: usize,
+}
+
+impl<T: Disk> DiskCache<T> {
+    pub fn new(inner: T) -> Self {
+        // 16 MB cache
+        let size = 16 * 1024 * 1024 / BLOCK_SIZE as usize;
+        DiskCache {
+            inner,
+            cache: HashMap::with_capacity(size),
+            order: VecDeque::with_capacity(size),
+            size,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn insert(&mut self, i: u64, data: [u8; BLOCK_SIZE as usize]) {
+        while self.order.len() >= self.size {
+            let removed = self.order.pop_front().unwrap();
+            self.cache.remove(&removed);
+        }
+
+        self.cache.insert(i, data);
+        self.order.push_back(i);
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: Disk> Disk for DiskCache<T> {
+    unsafe fn read_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        // println!("Cache read at {}", block);
+
+        let mut read = 0;
+        let mut failed = false;
+        for i in 0..buffer.len().div_ceil(BLOCK_SIZE as usize) {
+            let block_i = block + i as u64;
+
+            let buffer_i = i * BLOCK_SIZE as usize;
+            let buffer_j = cmp::min(buffer_i + BLOCK_SIZE as usize, buffer.len());
+            let buffer_slice = &mut buffer[buffer_i..buffer_j];
+
+            if let Some(cache_buf) = self.cache.get_mut(&block_i) {
+                read += copy_memory(cache_buf, buffer_slice);
+            } else {
+                failed = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if failed {
+            self.inner.read_at(block, buffer)?;
+
+            read = 0;
+            for i in 0..buffer.len().div_ceil(BLOCK_SIZE as usize) {
+                let block_i = block + i as u64;
+
+                let buffer_i = i * BLOCK_SIZE as usize;
+                let buffer_j = cmp::min(buffer_i + BLOCK_SIZE as usize, buffer.len());
+                let buffer_slice = &buffer[buffer_i..buffer_j];
+
+                let mut cache_buf = [0; BLOCK_SIZE as usize];
+                read += copy_memory(buffer_slice, &mut cache_buf);
+                self.insert(block_i, cache_buf);
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(read)
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn write_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        //TODO: Write only blocks that have changed
+        // println!("Cache write at {}", block);
+
+        self.inner.write_at(block, buffer)?;
+
+        let mut written = 0;
+        for i in 0..buffer.len().div_ceil(BLOCK_SIZE as usize) {
+            let block_i = block + i as u64;
+
+            let buffer_i = i * BLOCK_SIZE as usize;
+            let buffer_j = cmp::min(buffer_i + BLOCK_SIZE as usize, buffer.len());
+            let buffer_slice = &buffer[buffer_i..buffer_j];
+
+            let mut cache_buf = [0; BLOCK_SIZE as usize];
+            written += copy_memory(buffer_slice, &mut cache_buf);
+            self.insert(block_i, cache_buf);
+        }
+
+        Ok(written)
+    }
+
+    fn size(&mut self) -> Result<u64> {
+        self.inner.size()
+    }
+}

src/disk/file.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
+use std::io::{Seek, SeekFrom};
+use std::os::unix::fs::FileExt;
+use std::path::Path;
+
+use syscall::error::{Error, Result, EIO};
+
+use crate::disk::Disk;
+use crate::BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+pub struct DiskFile {
+    pub file: File,
+}
+
+trait ResultExt {
+    type T;
+    fn or_eio(self) -> Result<Self::T>;
+}
+impl<T> ResultExt for Result<T> {
+    type T = T;
+    fn or_eio(self) -> Result<Self::T> {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => Ok(t),
+            Err(err) => {
+                eprintln!("RedoxFS: IO ERROR: {err}");
+                Err(Error::new(EIO))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+impl<T> ResultExt for std::io::Result<T> {
+    type T = T;
+    fn or_eio(self) -> Result<Self::T> {
+        match self {
+            Ok(t) => Ok(t),
+            Err(err) => {
+                eprintln!("RedoxFS: IO ERROR: {err}");
+                Err(Error::new(EIO))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DiskFile {
+    pub fn open(path: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Result<DiskFile> {
+        let path = path.as_ref();
+        let file = OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .open(path)
+            .or_else(|_| OpenOptions::new().read(true).open(path))
+            .or_eio()?;
+        Ok(DiskFile { file })
+    }
+
+    pub fn create(path: impl AsRef<Path>, size: u64) -> Result<DiskFile> {
+        let file = OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(path)
+            .or_eio()?;
+        file.set_len(size).or_eio()?;
+        Ok(DiskFile { file })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Disk for DiskFile {
+    unsafe fn read_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        self.file.read_at(buffer, block * BLOCK_SIZE).or_eio()
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn write_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        self.file.write_at(buffer, block * BLOCK_SIZE).or_eio()
+    }
+
+    fn size(&mut self) -> Result<u64> {
+        self.file.seek(SeekFrom::End(0)).or_eio()
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<File> for DiskFile {
+    fn from(file: File) -> Self {
+        Self { file }
+    }
+}

src/disk/io.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+use std::io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom, Write};
+use syscall::error::{Error, Result, EIO};
+
+use crate::disk::Disk;
+use crate::BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+macro_rules! try_disk {
+    ($expr:expr) => {
+        match $expr {
+            Ok(val) => val,
+            Err(err) => {
+                eprintln!("Disk I/O Error: {}", err);
+                return Err(Error::new(EIO));
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+pub struct DiskIo<T>(pub T);
+
+impl<T: Read + Write + Seek> Disk for DiskIo<T> {
+    unsafe fn read_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        try_disk!(self.0.seek(SeekFrom::Start(block * BLOCK_SIZE)));
+        let count = try_disk!(self.0.read(buffer));
+        Ok(count)
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn write_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        try_disk!(self.0.seek(SeekFrom::Start(block * BLOCK_SIZE)));
+        let count = try_disk!(self.0.write(buffer));
+        Ok(count)
+    }
+
+    fn size(&mut self) -> Result<u64> {
+        let size = try_disk!(self.0.seek(SeekFrom::End(0)));
+        Ok(size)
+    }
+}

src/disk/memory.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+use syscall::error::{Error, Result, EIO};
+
+use crate::disk::Disk;
+use crate::BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+pub struct DiskMemory {
+    data: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl DiskMemory {
+    pub fn new(size: u64) -> DiskMemory {
+        DiskMemory {
+            data: vec![0; size as usize],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Disk for DiskMemory {
+    unsafe fn read_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        let offset = (block * BLOCK_SIZE) as usize;
+        let end = offset + buffer.len();
+        if end > self.data.len() {
+            return Err(Error::new(EIO));
+        }
+        buffer.copy_from_slice(&self.data[offset..end]);
+        Ok(buffer.len())
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn write_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        let offset = (block * BLOCK_SIZE) as usize;
+        let end = offset + buffer.len();
+        if end > self.data.len() {
+            return Err(Error::new(EIO));
+        }
+        self.data[offset..end].copy_from_slice(buffer);
+        Ok(buffer.len())
+    }
+
+    fn size(&mut self) -> Result<u64> {
+        Ok(self.data.len() as u64)
+    }
+}

src/disk/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+use syscall::error::Result;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub use self::cache::DiskCache;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub use self::file::DiskFile;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub use self::io::DiskIo;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub use self::memory::DiskMemory;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub use self::sparse::DiskSparse;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+mod cache;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+mod file;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+mod io;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+mod memory;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+mod sparse;
+
+/// A disk
+pub trait Disk {
+    /// Read blocks from disk
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    /// Unsafe to discourage use, use filesystem wrappers instead
+    unsafe fn read_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize>;
+
+    /// Write blocks from disk
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    /// Unsafe to discourage use, use filesystem wrappers instead
+    unsafe fn write_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize>;
+
+    /// Get size of disk in bytes
+    fn size(&mut self) -> Result<u64>;
+}

src/disk/sparse.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+use std::fs::{File, OpenOptions};
+use std::io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom, Write};
+use std::path::Path;
+use syscall::error::{Error, Result, EIO};
+
+use crate::disk::Disk;
+use crate::BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+macro_rules! try_disk {
+    ($expr:expr) => {
+        match $expr {
+            Ok(val) => val,
+            Err(err) => {
+                eprintln!("Disk I/O Error: {}", err);
+                return Err(Error::new(EIO));
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+pub struct DiskSparse {
+    pub file: File,
+    pub max_size: u64,
+}
+
+impl DiskSparse {
+    pub fn create<P: AsRef<Path>>(path: P, max_size: u64) -> Result<DiskSparse> {
+        let file = try_disk!(OpenOptions::new()
+            .read(true)
+            .write(true)
+            .create(true)
+            .open(path));
+        Ok(DiskSparse { file, max_size })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Disk for DiskSparse {
+    unsafe fn read_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        try_disk!(self.file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(block * BLOCK_SIZE)));
+        let count = try_disk!(self.file.read(buffer));
+        Ok(count)
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn write_at(&mut self, block: u64, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<usize> {
+        try_disk!(self.file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(block * BLOCK_SIZE)));
+        let count = try_disk!(self.file.write(buffer));
+        Ok(count)
+    }
+
+    fn size(&mut self) -> Result<u64> {
+        Ok(self.max_size)
+    }
+}

src/filesystem.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+use aes::Aes128;
+use alloc::{
+    collections::{BTreeMap, VecDeque},
+    vec,
+    vec::Vec,
+};
+use syscall::error::{Error, Result, EKEYREJECTED, ENOENT, ENOKEY};
+use xts_mode::{get_tweak_default, Xts128};
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+use crate::{AllocEntry, AllocList, BlockData, BlockTrait, Key, KeySlot, Node, Salt, TreeList};
+use crate::{
+    Allocator, BlockAddr, BlockLevel, BlockMeta, Disk, Header, Transaction, BLOCK_SIZE,
+    HEADER_RING, RECORD_SIZE,
+};
+
+fn compress_cache() -> Vec<u8> {
+    vec![0; lz4_flex::block::get_maximum_output_size(RECORD_SIZE as usize)]
+}
+
+/// A file system
+pub struct FileSystem<D: Disk> {
+    //TODO: make private
+    pub disk: D,
+    //TODO: make private
+    pub block: u64,
+    //TODO: make private
+    pub header: Header,
+    pub(crate) allocator: Allocator,
+    pub(crate) cipher_opt: Option<Xts128<Aes128>>,
+    pub(crate) compress_cache: Vec<u8>,
+    pub node_usages: BTreeMap<u32, u64>,
+}
+
+impl<D: Disk> FileSystem<D> {
+    /// Open a file system on a disk
+    pub fn open(
+        mut disk: D,
+        password_opt: Option<&[u8]>,
+        block_opt: Option<u64>,
+        cleanup: bool,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        for ring_block in block_opt.map_or(0..65536, |x| x..x + 1) {
+            let mut header = Header::default();
+            unsafe { disk.read_at(ring_block, &mut header)? };
+
+            // Skip invalid headers
+            if !header.valid() {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let block = ring_block - (header.generation() % HEADER_RING);
+            for i in 0..HEADER_RING {
+                let mut other_header = Header::default();
+                unsafe { disk.read_at(block + i, &mut other_header)? };
+
+                // Skip invalid headers
+                if !other_header.valid() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // If this is a newer header, use it
+                if other_header.generation() > header.generation() {
+                    header = other_header;
+                }
+            }
+
+            let cipher_opt = match password_opt {
+                Some(password) => {
+                    if !header.encrypted() {
+                        // Header not encrypted but password provided
+                        return Err(Error::new(EKEYREJECTED));
+                    }
+                    match header.cipher(password) {
+                        Some(cipher) => Some(cipher),
+                        None => {
+                            // Header encrypted with a different password
+                            return Err(Error::new(ENOKEY));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                None => {
+                    if header.encrypted() {
+                        // Header encrypted but no password provided
+                        return Err(Error::new(ENOKEY));
+                    }
+                    None
+                }
+            };
+
+            let mut fs = FileSystem {
+                disk,
+                block,
+                header,
+                allocator: Allocator::default(),
+                cipher_opt,
+                compress_cache: compress_cache(),
+                node_usages: BTreeMap::new(),
+            };
+
+            unsafe { fs.reset_allocator()? };
+
+            if cleanup {
+                fs.cleanup()?
+            }
+
+            return Ok(fs);
+        }
+
+        Err(Error::new(ENOENT))
+    }
+
+    /// Create a file system on a disk
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    pub fn create(
+        disk: D,
+        password_opt: Option<&[u8]>,
+        ctime: u64,
+        ctime_nsec: u32,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        Self::create_reserved(disk, password_opt, &[], ctime, ctime_nsec)
+    }
+
+    /// Create a file system on a disk, with reserved data at the beginning
+    /// Reserved data will be zero padded up to the nearest block
+    /// We need to pass ctime and ctime_nsec in order to initialize the unix timestamps
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    pub fn create_reserved(
+        mut disk: D,
+        password_opt: Option<&[u8]>,
+        reserved: &[u8],
+        ctime: u64,
+        ctime_nsec: u32,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        let disk_size = disk.size()?;
+        let disk_blocks = disk_size / BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let block_offset = (reserved.len() as u64).div_ceil(BLOCK_SIZE);
+        if disk_blocks < (block_offset + HEADER_RING + 4) {
+            return Err(Error::new(syscall::error::ENOSPC));
+        }
+        let fs_blocks = disk_blocks - block_offset;
+
+        // Fill reserved data, pad with zeroes
+        for block in 0..block_offset as usize {
+            let mut data = [0; BLOCK_SIZE as usize];
+
+            let mut i = 0;
+            while i < data.len() && block * BLOCK_SIZE as usize + i < reserved.len() {
+                data[i] = reserved[block * BLOCK_SIZE as usize + i];
+                i += 1;
+            }
+
+            unsafe {
+                disk.write_at(block as u64, &data)?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut header = Header::new(fs_blocks * BLOCK_SIZE);
+
+        let cipher_opt = match password_opt {
+            Some(password) => {
+                //TODO: handle errors
+                header.key_slots[0] = KeySlot::new(
+                    password,
+                    Salt::new().unwrap(),
+                    (Key::new().unwrap(), Key::new().unwrap()),
+                )
+                .unwrap();
+                Some(header.key_slots[0].cipher(password).unwrap())
+            }
+            None => None,
+        };
+
+        let mut fs = FileSystem {
+            disk,
+            block: block_offset,
+            header,
+            allocator: Allocator::default(),
+            cipher_opt,
+            compress_cache: compress_cache(),
+            node_usages: BTreeMap::new(),
+        };
+
+        // Write header generation zero
+        let count = unsafe { fs.disk.write_at(fs.block, &fs.header)? };
+        if count != core::mem::size_of_val(&fs.header) {
+            // Wrote wrong number of bytes
+            #[cfg(feature = "log")]
+            log::error!("CREATE: WRONG NUMBER OF BYTES");
+            return Err(Error::new(syscall::error::EIO));
+        }
+
+        // Set tree and alloc pointers and write header generation one
+        fs.tx(|tx| unsafe {
+            let tree = BlockData::new(
+                BlockAddr::new(HEADER_RING + 1, BlockMeta::default()),
+                TreeList::empty(BlockLevel::default()).unwrap(),
+            );
+
+            let mut alloc = BlockData::new(
+                BlockAddr::new(HEADER_RING + 2, BlockMeta::default()),
+                AllocList::empty(BlockLevel::default()).unwrap(),
+            );
+
+            let alloc_free = fs_blocks - (HEADER_RING + 4);
+            alloc.data_mut().entries[0] = AllocEntry::new(HEADER_RING + 4, alloc_free as i64);
+
+            tx.header.tree = tx.write_block(tree)?;
+            tx.header.alloc = tx.write_block(alloc)?;
+            tx.header_changed = true;
+
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+
+        unsafe {
+            fs.reset_allocator()?;
+        }
+
+        fs.tx(|tx| unsafe {
+            let mut root = BlockData::new(
+                BlockAddr::new(HEADER_RING + 3, BlockMeta::default()),
+                Node::new(Node::MODE_DIR | 0o755, 0, 0, ctime, ctime_nsec),
+            );
+            root.data_mut().set_links(1);
+            let root_ptr = tx.write_block(root)?;
+            assert_eq!(tx.insert_tree(root_ptr)?.id(), 1);
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+
+        fs.cleanup()?;
+
+        Ok(fs)
+    }
+
+    /// Release unused nodes and squash allocation log, happens on mount (with cleanup) and unmount
+    pub fn cleanup(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut tx = Transaction::new(self);
+        tx.release_unused_nodes()?;
+        tx.commit(true)
+    }
+
+    /// start a filesystem transaction, required for making any changes
+    pub fn tx<F: FnOnce(&mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<T>, T>(&mut self, f: F) -> Result<T> {
+        let mut tx = Transaction::new(self);
+        let t = f(&mut tx)?;
+        tx.commit(false)?;
+        Ok(t)
+    }
+
+    pub fn allocator(&self) -> &Allocator {
+        &self.allocator
+    }
+
+    /// Unsafe as it can corrupt the filesystem
+    pub unsafe fn allocator_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Allocator {
+        &mut self.allocator
+    }
+
+    /// Reset allocator to state stored on disk
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    /// Unsafe, it must only be called when opening the filesystem
+    unsafe fn reset_allocator(&mut self) -> Result<()> {
+        self.allocator = Allocator::default();
+
+        // To avoid having to update all prior alloc blocks, there is only a previous pointer
+        // This means we need to roll back all allocations. Currently we do this by reading the
+        // alloc log into a buffer to reverse it.
+        let mut allocs = VecDeque::new();
+        self.tx(|tx| {
+            let mut alloc_ptr = tx.header.alloc;
+            while !alloc_ptr.is_null() {
+                let alloc = tx.read_block(alloc_ptr)?;
+                alloc_ptr = alloc.data().prev;
+                allocs.push_front(alloc);
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        })?;
+
+        for alloc in allocs {
+            for entry in alloc.data().entries.iter() {
+                let index = entry.index();
+                let count = entry.count();
+                if count < 0 {
+                    for i in 0..-count {
+                        //TODO: replace assert with error?
+                        let addr = BlockAddr::new(index + i as u64, BlockMeta::default());
+                        assert_eq!(self.allocator.allocate_exact(addr), Some(addr));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for i in 0..count {
+                        let addr = BlockAddr::new(index + i as u64, BlockMeta::default());
+                        self.allocator.deallocate(addr);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn decrypt(&mut self, data: &mut [u8], addr: BlockAddr) -> bool {
+        if let Some(ref cipher) = self.cipher_opt {
+            cipher.decrypt_area(
+                data,
+                BLOCK_SIZE as usize,
+                addr.index().into(),
+                get_tweak_default,
+            );
+            true
+        } else {
+            // Do nothing if encryption is disabled
+            false
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn encrypt(&mut self, data: &mut [u8], addr: BlockAddr) -> bool {
+        if let Some(ref cipher) = self.cipher_opt {
+            cipher.encrypt_area(
+                data,
+                BLOCK_SIZE as usize,
+                addr.index().into(),
+                get_tweak_default,
+            );
+            true
+        } else {
+            // Do nothing if encryption is disabled
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}

src/header.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
+use core::{fmt, mem, slice};
+use endian_num::Le;
+
+use aes::Aes128;
+use xts_mode::{get_tweak_default, Xts128};
+
+use crate::{AllocList, BlockPtr, KeySlot, ReleaseList, Tree, BLOCK_SIZE, SIGNATURE, VERSION};
+
+pub const HEADER_RING: u64 = 256;
+
+/// The header of the filesystem
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct Header {
+    /// Signature, should be SIGNATURE
+    pub signature: [u8; 8],
+    /// Version, should be VERSION
+    pub version: Le<u64>,
+    /// Disk ID, a 128-bit unique identifier
+    pub uuid: [u8; 16],
+    /// Disk size, in number of BLOCK_SIZE sectors
+    pub size: Le<u64>,
+    /// Generation of header
+    pub generation: Le<u64>,
+    /// Block of first tree node
+    pub tree: BlockPtr<Tree>,
+    /// Block of last alloc node
+    pub alloc: BlockPtr<AllocList>,
+    /// Key slots
+    pub key_slots: [KeySlot; 64],
+    /// Nodes pending release, may be null
+    pub release: BlockPtr<ReleaseList>,
+    /// Padding
+    pub padding: [u8; BLOCK_SIZE as usize - 3192],
+    /// encrypted hash of header data without hash, set to hash and padded if disk is not encrypted
+    pub encrypted_hash: [u8; 16],
+    /// hash of header data without hash
+    pub hash: Le<u64>,
+}
+
+impl Header {
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    pub fn new(size: u64) -> Header {
+        let uuid = uuid::Uuid::new_v4();
+        let mut header = Header {
+            signature: *SIGNATURE,
+            version: VERSION.into(),
+            uuid: *uuid.as_bytes(),
+            size: size.into(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        };
+        header.update_hash(None);
+        header
+    }
+
+    pub fn valid(&self) -> bool {
+        if &self.signature != SIGNATURE {
+            // Signature does not match
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if self.version.to_ne() != VERSION {
+            // Version does not match
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if self.hash.to_ne() != self.create_hash() {
+            // Hash does not match
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // All tests passed, header is valid
+        true
+    }
+
+    pub fn uuid(&self) -> [u8; 16] {
+        self.uuid
+    }
+
+    pub fn size(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.size.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    pub fn generation(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.generation.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    fn create_hash(&self) -> u64 {
+        // Calculate part of header to hash (everything before the hashes)
+        let end = mem::size_of_val(self)
+            - mem::size_of_val(&{ self.hash })
+            - mem::size_of_val(&{ self.encrypted_hash });
+        seahash::hash(&self[..end])
+    }
+
+    fn create_encrypted_hash(&self, cipher_opt: Option<&Xts128<Aes128>>) -> [u8; 16] {
+        let mut encrypted_hash = [0; 16];
+        for (i, b) in self.hash.to_le_bytes().iter().enumerate() {
+            encrypted_hash[i] = *b;
+        }
+        if let Some(cipher) = cipher_opt {
+            let mut block = aes::Block::from(encrypted_hash);
+            cipher.encrypt_area(
+                &mut block,
+                BLOCK_SIZE as usize,
+                self.generation().into(),
+                get_tweak_default,
+            );
+            encrypted_hash = block.into();
+        }
+        encrypted_hash
+    }
+
+    pub fn encrypted(&self) -> bool {
+        (self.encrypted_hash) != self.create_encrypted_hash(None)
+    }
+
+    pub fn cipher(&self, password: &[u8]) -> Option<Xts128<Aes128>> {
+        let hash = self.create_encrypted_hash(None);
+        for slot in self.key_slots.iter() {
+            //TODO: handle errors
+            let cipher = slot.cipher(password).unwrap();
+            let mut block = aes::Block::from(self.encrypted_hash);
+            cipher.decrypt_area(
+                &mut block,
+                BLOCK_SIZE as usize,
+                self.generation().into(),
+                get_tweak_default,
+            );
+            if block == aes::Block::from(hash) {
+                return Some(cipher);
+            }
+        }
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn update_hash(&mut self, cipher_opt: Option<&Xts128<Aes128>>) {
+        self.hash = self.create_hash().into();
+        // Make sure to do this second, it relies on the hash being up to date
+        self.encrypted_hash = self.create_encrypted_hash(cipher_opt);
+    }
+
+    pub fn update(&mut self, cipher_opt: Option<&Xts128<Aes128>>) -> u64 {
+        let mut generation = self.generation();
+        generation += 1;
+        self.generation = generation.into();
+        self.update_hash(cipher_opt);
+        generation
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Header {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            signature: [0; 8],
+            version: 0.into(),
+            uuid: [0; 16],
+            size: 0.into(),
+            generation: 0.into(),
+            tree: BlockPtr::<Tree>::default(),
+            alloc: BlockPtr::<AllocList>::default(),
+            key_slots: [KeySlot::default(); 64],
+            release: BlockPtr::<ReleaseList>::default(),
+            padding: [0; BLOCK_SIZE as usize - 3192],
+            encrypted_hash: [0; 16],
+            hash: 0.into(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Header {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let signature = self.signature;
+        let version = self.version;
+        let uuid = self.uuid;
+        let size = self.size;
+        let generation = self.generation;
+        let tree = self.tree;
+        let alloc = self.alloc;
+        let release = self.release;
+        let hash = self.hash;
+        f.debug_struct("Header")
+            .field("signature", &signature)
+            .field("version", &version)
+            .field("uuid", &uuid)
+            .field("size", &size)
+            .field("generation", &generation)
+            .field("tree", &tree)
+            .field("alloc", &alloc)
+            .field("release", &release)
+            .field("hash", &hash)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for Header {
+    type Target = [u8];
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Header as *const u8, mem::size_of::<Header>())
+                as &[u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for Header {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self as *mut Header as *mut u8, mem::size_of::<Header>())
+                as &mut [u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn header_not_valid_test() {
+    assert_eq!(Header::default().valid(), false);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn header_size_test() {
+    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<Header>(), BLOCK_SIZE as usize);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn header_hash_test() {
+    let mut header = Header::default();
+    assert_eq!(header.create_hash(), 0xe81ffcb86026ff96);
+    header.update_hash(None);
+    assert_eq!(header.hash.to_ne(), 0xe81ffcb86026ff96);
+    assert_eq!(
+        header.encrypted_hash,
+        [0x96, 0xff, 0x26, 0x60, 0xb8, 0xfc, 0x1f, 0xe8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+    );
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+#[test]
+fn header_valid_test() {
+    assert_eq!(Header::new(0).valid(), true);
+}

src/htree.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+use alloc::string::String;
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+use core::{fmt, mem, ops, slice};
+use endian_num::Le;
+use syscall::error::{Error, Result, EEXIST, EIO};
+
+use crate::{
+    BlockLevel, BlockPtr, BlockRaw, BlockTrait, DirEntry, DirList, BLOCK_SIZE, RECORD_LEVEL,
+};
+
+pub const HTREE_IDX_ENTRIES: usize = BLOCK_SIZE as usize / mem::size_of::<HTreePtr<BlockRaw>>();
+const HTREE_IDX_PADDING: usize =
+    BLOCK_SIZE as usize - mem::size_of::<[HTreePtr<BlockRaw>; HTREE_IDX_ENTRIES]>();
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct HTreeHash(Le<u32>);
+
+impl HTreeHash {
+    // Create a MAX constant populated iwth the maximum value of Le<u32> minus 1
+    pub const MAX: HTreeHash = HTreeHash(Le(u32::MAX - 1));
+
+    #[cfg(not(test))]
+    pub fn from_name(name: &str) -> Self {
+        let hash = seahash::hash(name.as_bytes()) as u32;
+        // Don't allow the default hash value to be calculated for a real hash
+        if hash == u32::MAX {
+            return Self::MAX;
+        }
+        Self(hash.into())
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub fn from_name(name: &str) -> Self {
+        // Allow overriding the hashing function to something easily controled for testing.
+        let hash = if let Some(pos) = name.rfind("__") {
+            let number_str = &name[pos + 2..];
+            number_str.parse::<u32>().unwrap()
+        } else {
+            seahash::hash(name.as_bytes()) as u32
+        };
+
+        // Don't allow the default hash value to be calculated for a real hash
+        if hash == u32::MAX {
+            return Self::MAX;
+        }
+        Self(hash.into())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the maximum of two `HTreeHash` values, ignoring the default hash value.
+    pub fn max_ignoring_default(&self, other: Self) -> Self {
+        let default = HTreeHash::default();
+        if *self == default {
+            return other;
+        }
+        if other == default {
+            return *self;
+        }
+        if *self > other {
+            *self
+        } else {
+            other
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_max(dir_list: &DirList) -> Option<HTreeHash> {
+        let mut max_hash = HTreeHash::default();
+        dir_list.for_each_entry(|_ptr_bytes, name_bytes| {
+            let name = String::from_utf8_lossy(name_bytes);
+            let hash = HTreeHash::from_name(name.as_ref());
+            max_hash = max_hash.max_ignoring_default(hash);
+        });
+
+        if max_hash == HTreeHash::default() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(max_hash)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for HTreeHash {
+    /// The default hash value is the maximum possible value to push it to the end of the list when sorting.
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self(u32::MAX.into())
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct HTreePtr<T> {
+    pub htree_hash: HTreeHash,
+    pub ptr: BlockPtr<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T> HTreePtr<T> {
+    pub fn new(htree_hash: HTreeHash, ptr: BlockPtr<T>) -> Self {
+        Self { htree_hash, ptr }
+    }
+
+    /// Cast HTreePtr to another type
+    ///
+    /// # Safety
+    /// Unsafe because it can be used to transmute types
+    pub unsafe fn cast<U>(self) -> HTreePtr<U> {
+        HTreePtr {
+            htree_hash: self.htree_hash,
+            ptr: self.ptr.cast(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> HTreePtr<T> {
+    pub fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
+        self.ptr.is_null()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Clone for HTreePtr<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        *self
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Copy for HTreePtr<T> {}
+
+impl<T> Default for HTreePtr<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            htree_hash: HTreeHash::default(),
+            ptr: BlockPtr::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> fmt::Debug for HTreePtr<T> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let htree_hash = self.htree_hash;
+        let ptr = self.ptr;
+        f.debug_struct("BlockPtr")
+            .field("htree_hash", &htree_hash)
+            .field("ptr", &ptr)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct HTreeNode<T> {
+    pub ptrs: [HTreePtr<T>; HTREE_IDX_ENTRIES],
+    padding: [u8; HTREE_IDX_PADDING],
+}
+
+impl<T> HTreeNode<T> {
+    pub fn find_max_htree_hash(&self) -> Option<HTreeHash> {
+        let mut hash = HTreeHash::default();
+        for entry in self.ptrs.iter() {
+            hash = hash.max_ignoring_default(entry.htree_hash);
+        }
+
+        if hash != HTreeHash::default() {
+            Some(hash)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_ptrs_for_read(
+        &self,
+        htree_hash: HTreeHash,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = (usize, &HTreePtr<T>)> {
+        let mut last_hash = HTreeHash(0.into());
+        self.ptrs
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .filter(move |(_idx, entry)| entry.htree_hash >= htree_hash)
+            .take_while(move |(_idx, entry)| {
+                let should_take = !entry.is_null() && last_hash <= htree_hash;
+                last_hash = entry.htree_hash;
+                should_take
+            })
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl<T> BlockTrait for HTreeNode<T> {
+    fn empty(level: BlockLevel) -> Option<Self> {
+        if level.0 <= RECORD_LEVEL {
+            Some(Self {
+                ptrs: [HTreePtr::default(); HTREE_IDX_ENTRIES],
+                padding: [0; HTREE_IDX_PADDING],
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> ops::Deref for HTreeNode<T> {
+    type Target = [u8];
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts(
+                self as *const HTreeNode<T> as *const u8,
+                mem::size_of::<HTreeNode<T>>(),
+            ) as &[u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> ops::DerefMut for HTreeNode<T> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
+                self as *mut HTreeNode<T> as *mut u8,
+                mem::size_of::<HTreeNode<T>>(),
+            ) as &mut [u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn add_inner_node<T>(
+    parent: &mut HTreeNode<T>,
+    new_ptr: HTreePtr<T>,
+) -> Result<Option<(HTreeHash, HTreeNode<T>)>> {
+    // Update the input htree parameters in place
+    for ptr in parent.ptrs.iter_mut() {
+        if ptr.is_null() {
+            *ptr = new_ptr;
+            parent.ptrs.sort_by(|a, b| a.htree_hash.cmp(&b.htree_hash));
+            return Ok(None);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // The parent is full. We need to split it into two by half, ordered by the htree hash.
+    let mut all_ptrs = Vec::with_capacity(parent.ptrs.len() + 1);
+    for ptr in parent.ptrs.iter() {
+        all_ptrs.push(*ptr);
+    }
+    all_ptrs.push(new_ptr);
+    all_ptrs.sort_by(|a, b| a.htree_hash.cmp(&b.htree_hash));
+    let half_idx = all_ptrs.len() / 2;
+
+    // Find if there are duplicate name hashes on the boundary of where we want to split
+    let half_name_hash = all_ptrs[half_idx].htree_hash;
+    let mut first_idx = half_idx;
+    let mut last_idx = half_idx;
+    for (i, ptr) in all_ptrs.iter().enumerate() {
+        if ptr.htree_hash == half_name_hash {
+            if i < first_idx {
+                first_idx = i;
+            }
+            if i > last_idx {
+                last_idx = i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Split the entries_with_name_hash list at the index that minimizes the number of entries in each list while keeping the duplicate name hashes together
+    let split = if (half_idx - first_idx) < (last_idx - half_idx) {
+        first_idx
+    } else {
+        last_idx
+    };
+
+    let (ptrs1, ptrs2) = all_ptrs.split_at(split);
+
+    // Update the existing parent with the first half of the entries
+    let mut htree_idx1 = HTreeNode::empty(BlockLevel::default()).ok_or(Error::new(EIO))?;
+    htree_idx1.ptrs[..ptrs1.len()].copy_from_slice(ptrs1);
+    let _ = mem::replace(parent, htree_idx1);
+
+    // Return the second half as a new sibling parent
+    let mut htree_idx2 = HTreeNode::empty(BlockLevel::default()).ok_or(Error::new(EIO))?;
+    htree_idx2.ptrs[..ptrs2.len()].copy_from_slice(ptrs2);
+
+    let htree_hash2 = ptrs2[ptrs2.len() - 1].htree_hash;
+    Ok(Some((htree_hash2, htree_idx2)))
+}
+
+pub fn add_dir_entry(
+    dir_list: &mut DirList,
+    htree_hash: &mut HTreeHash,
+    dirent: DirEntry,
+) -> Result<Option<(HTreeHash, DirList)>> {
+    if let Some(name) = dirent.name() {
+        if dir_list.find_entry(name).is_some() {
+            return Err(Error::new(EEXIST));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Update the input htree parameters in place
+    let name = dirent.name().ok_or(Error::new(EIO))?;
+    if dir_list.append(&dirent) {
+        *htree_hash = HTreeHash::from_name(name).max_ignoring_default(*htree_hash);
+        return Ok(None);
+    }
+
+    // The dir_list is full. We need to split it into two dir_lists by half, ordered by the name hash.
+    let mut entries_with_name_hash = Vec::with_capacity(dir_list.entry_count() + 1);
+    for entry in dir_list.entries() {
+        entries_with_name_hash.push((
+            HTreeHash::from_name(entry.name().ok_or(Error::new(EIO))?),
+            entry,
+        ));
+    }
+    entries_with_name_hash.push((HTreeHash::from_name(dirent.name().unwrap()), dirent));
+    entries_with_name_hash.sort_by(|a, b| a.0.cmp(&b.0));
+    let half = entries_with_name_hash.len() / 2;
+    let half_name_hash = entries_with_name_hash[half].0;
+
+    // Find if there are duplicate name hashes on the boundary of where we want to split
+    let mut first_idx = half;
+    let mut last_idx = half;
+    for (i, (name_hash, _)) in entries_with_name_hash.iter().enumerate() {
+        if *name_hash == half_name_hash {
+            if i < first_idx {
+                first_idx = i;
+            }
+            if i > last_idx {
+                last_idx = i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    last_idx += 1;
+
+    // Split the entries_with_name_hash list at the index that minimizes the number of entries in each list while keeping the duplicate name hashes together
+    let split = if (half - first_idx) < (last_idx - half) {
+        first_idx
+    } else {
+        last_idx
+    };
+    let split = split.max(1);
+
+    let sorted_entries = entries_with_name_hash
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(_, entry)| *entry)
+        .collect::<Vec<DirEntry>>();
+
+    let (entries1, entries2) = sorted_entries.split_at(split);
+
+    // Update the existing dir_list with the first half of the entries
+    let mut new_dir_list = DirList::empty(BlockLevel::default()).ok_or(Error::new(EIO))?;
+    for entry in entries1.iter() {
+        new_dir_list.append(entry);
+    }
+    let _ = mem::replace(dir_list, new_dir_list);
+    *htree_hash = entries_with_name_hash[entries1.len() - 1].0;
+
+    // Return the second half of the entries as a new dir_list
+    let mut new_dir_list = DirList::empty(BlockLevel::default()).ok_or(Error::new(EIO))?;
+    for entry in entries2.iter() {
+        new_dir_list.append(entry);
+    }
+    let new_name_hash = entries_with_name_hash[entries_with_name_hash.len() - 1].0;
+    Ok(Some((new_name_hash, new_dir_list)))
+}
+
+//
+// MARK: Unit Tests
+//
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::alloc::string::ToString;
+    use crate::TreePtr;
+    use alloc::format;
+    use alloc::string::String;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn htree_ptr_size_test() {
+        assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<HTreePtr<BlockRaw>>(), 20);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn htree_node_size_test() {
+        assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<HTreeNode<BlockRaw>>(), BLOCK_SIZE as usize);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn htree_hash_max_test() {
+        assert_eq!(HTreeHash::MAX, HTreeHash((u32::MAX - 1).into()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn htree_hash_max_ignoring_default_test() {
+        let default = HTreeHash::default();
+        let hash1 = HTreeHash(0.into());
+        let hash2 = HTreeHash(1.into());
+
+        assert_eq!(hash1.max_ignoring_default(default), hash1);
+        assert_eq!(default.max_ignoring_default(hash1), hash1);
+        assert_eq!(hash1.max_ignoring_default(hash2), hash2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn htree_node_find_max_htree_hash() {
+        // In practice, the HTreeHash values should always be in sorted order
+        let mut htree_node: HTreeNode<String> = HTreeNode::empty(BlockLevel::default()).unwrap();
+        htree_node.ptrs[0] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(0.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        htree_node.ptrs[1] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(1.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        htree_node.ptrs[2] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(2.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            htree_node.find_max_htree_hash().unwrap(),
+            HTreeHash(2.into())
+        );
+
+        htree_node.ptrs[2] = HTreePtr::default();
+        assert_eq!(
+            htree_node.find_max_htree_hash().unwrap(),
+            HTreeHash(1.into())
+        );
+
+        htree_node.ptrs[1] = HTreePtr::default();
+        assert_eq!(
+            htree_node.find_max_htree_hash().unwrap(),
+            HTreeHash(0.into())
+        );
+
+        htree_node.ptrs[0] = HTreePtr::default();
+        assert!(htree_node.find_max_htree_hash().is_none());
+
+        // For thoroughness, test with HTreeHash out of order
+        htree_node.ptrs[2] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(4.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        htree_node.ptrs[4] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(6.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        htree_node.ptrs[6] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(2.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        assert_eq!(
+            htree_node.find_max_htree_hash().unwrap(),
+            HTreeHash(6.into())
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn htree_node_find_for_read() {
+        let mut htree_node: HTreeNode<String> = HTreeNode::empty(BlockLevel::default()).unwrap();
+        htree_node.ptrs[0] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(0.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        htree_node.ptrs[1] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(1.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        htree_node.ptrs[2] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(2.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        htree_node.ptrs[3] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(2.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        htree_node.ptrs[4] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(3.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        htree_node.ptrs[5] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(3.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        htree_node.ptrs[6] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(5.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+        htree_node.ptrs[7] = HTreePtr::new(HTreeHash(6.into()), BlockPtr::marker(0));
+
+        // Confirm that a hash that does not exist, but is less than an existing hash results in a single entry
+        let mut iter = htree_node.find_ptrs_for_read(HTreeHash(4.into()));
+        let mut val = iter.next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(val.0, 6);
+        assert_eq!(val.1.htree_hash, HTreeHash(5.into()));
+        assert!(iter.next().is_none());
+
+        // Confirm that a hash that equals an existing hash results in the match and one following entry
+        let mut iter = htree_node.find_ptrs_for_read(HTreeHash(1.into()));
+        val = iter.next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(val.0, 1);
+        assert_eq!(val.1.htree_hash, HTreeHash(1.into()));
+        val = iter.next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(val.0, 2);
+        assert_eq!(val.1.htree_hash, HTreeHash(2.into()));
+        assert!(iter.next().is_none());
+
+        // Confirm that multiple exact hash matches are all returned plus the next entry
+        let mut iter = htree_node.find_ptrs_for_read(HTreeHash(2.into()));
+        val = iter.next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(val.0, 2);
+        assert_eq!(val.1.htree_hash, HTreeHash(2.into()));
+        val = iter.next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(val.0, 3);
+        assert_eq!(val.1.htree_hash, HTreeHash(2.into()));
+        val = iter.next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(val.0, 4);
+        assert_eq!(val.1.htree_hash, HTreeHash(3.into()));
+        assert!(iter.next().is_none());
+
+        // Confirm that if the last entry matches and the next entry is null, only the match is returned
+        let mut iter = htree_node.find_ptrs_for_read(HTreeHash(6.into()));
+        val = iter.next().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(val.0, 7);
+        assert_eq!(val.1.htree_hash, HTreeHash(6.into()));
+        assert!(iter.next().is_none());
+
+        // Confirm that if a hash that is larger than any existing entries, then no entries are returned
+        let mut iter = htree_node.find_ptrs_for_read(HTreeHash(7.into()));
+        assert!(iter.next().is_none());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn add_dir_entry_exists_test() {
+        let mut dir_list = DirList::empty(BlockLevel::default()).unwrap();
+        let mut htree_hash = HTreeHash::default();
+        let dirent = DirEntry::new(TreePtr::new(123), "test");
+        let new_sibling = add_dir_entry(&mut dir_list, &mut htree_hash, dirent).unwrap();
+        assert!(new_sibling.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(htree_hash, HTreeHash::from_name("test"));
+        assert_eq!(dir_list.entries().next().unwrap().name(), Some("test"));
+
+        // Add the same entry again, and it should fail with an appropriate IO error
+        let dirent = DirEntry::new(TreePtr::new(123), "test");
+        let error_expected = add_dir_entry(&mut dir_list, &mut htree_hash, dirent);
+        assert!(error_expected.is_err());
+        assert_eq!(error_expected.err().unwrap().errno, EEXIST);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn add_dir_entry_many_test() {
+        let mut dir_list = DirList::empty(BlockLevel::default()).unwrap();
+        let mut htree_hash = HTreeHash::default();
+        let total_count = 16;
+
+        // Fill up the dir_list
+        for i in 0..total_count {
+            let v: usize = i % 10;
+            let dirent = DirEntry::new(TreePtr::new(123), format!("test{v}_{i:0244}").as_str());
+            let new_sibling = add_dir_entry(&mut dir_list, &mut htree_hash, dirent).unwrap();
+            assert!(new_sibling.is_none());
+        }
+
+        // The maximum htree_hash should be retained
+        let max_tree_hash =
+            dir_list
+                .entries()
+                .enumerate()
+                .fold(HTreeHash::default(), |max, (i, _)| {
+                    let v = i % 10;
+                    let hash = HTreeHash::from_name(format!("test{v}_{i:0244}").as_str());
+                    max.max_ignoring_default(hash)
+                });
+        assert_eq!(htree_hash, max_tree_hash);
+
+        // Confirm all the entries exist. Note they happen to be in insert order
+        for (i, entry) in dir_list.entries().enumerate() {
+            let v = i % 10;
+            assert_eq!(entry.name(), Some(format!("test{v}_{i:0244}").as_str()));
+        }
+
+        // Test a split by adding one more entry
+        let dirent = DirEntry::new(TreePtr::new(123), "test_split");
+        let new_sibling = add_dir_entry(&mut dir_list, &mut htree_hash, dirent).unwrap();
+        let (new_sibling_htree_hash, new_sibling_dir_list) =
+            new_sibling.expect("new_sibling should be created");
+        // assert!(new_sibling_dir_list.entries.len() );
+        assert!(new_sibling_htree_hash > htree_hash);
+
+        // The htree_hash should be less than the minimum htree_hash in new_sibling_dir_list
+        let new_sibling_min_htree_hash = new_sibling_dir_list
+            .entries()
+            .filter(|entry| !entry.node_ptr().is_null())
+            .fold(HTreeHash::default(), |min, entry| {
+                let hash = HTreeHash::from_name(entry.name().unwrap());
+                min.min(hash)
+            });
+        assert!(htree_hash < new_sibling_min_htree_hash);
+
+        // Confirm all the entries exist across both dir_lists
+        let mut expected_names: Vec<String> = (0..total_count)
+            .map(|i| {
+                let v = i % 10;
+                format!("test{v}_{i:0244}")
+            })
+            .collect();
+        expected_names.push("test_split".to_string());
+        expected_names.sort();
+
+        let mut dir_list_entry_count = 0;
+        for entry in dir_list.entries() {
+            dir_list_entry_count += 1;
+            let name = entry.name().unwrap().to_string();
+            let _ = expected_names.remove(expected_names.binary_search(&name).unwrap());
+        }
+
+        let mut new_sibling_entry_count = 0;
+        for entry in new_sibling_dir_list.entries() {
+            new_sibling_entry_count += 1;
+            let name = entry.name().unwrap().to_string();
+            let _ = expected_names.remove(expected_names.binary_search(&name).unwrap());
+        }
+        assert!(expected_names.is_empty());
+
+        // Confirm that the split is in half
+        assert!((dir_list_entry_count as i32 - new_sibling_entry_count).abs() <= 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn add_inner_node_simple_test() {
+        let mut htree_node: HTreeNode<_> = HTreeNode::empty(BlockLevel::default()).unwrap();
+        let htree_ptr: HTreePtr<_> = HTreePtr::<BlockRaw> {
+            htree_hash: HTreeHash::from_name("test"),
+            ptr: BlockPtr::marker(0),
+        };
+        let new_sibling = add_inner_node(&mut htree_node, htree_ptr).unwrap();
+        assert!(new_sibling.is_none());
+        assert_eq!(htree_node.ptrs[0].htree_hash, HTreeHash::from_name("test"));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn add_inner_node_multiple_test() {
+        let mut htree_node: HTreeNode<_> = HTreeNode::empty(BlockLevel::default()).unwrap();
+
+        for i in 0..HTREE_IDX_ENTRIES {
+            let htree_ptr: HTreePtr<_> = HTreePtr::<BlockRaw> {
+                htree_hash: HTreeHash(((100_000 + (i % 10) * 1000 + i) as u32).into()),
+                ptr: BlockPtr::marker(0),
+            };
+            let new_sibling = add_inner_node(&mut htree_node, htree_ptr).unwrap();
+            assert!(new_sibling.is_none());
+
+            // Confirm that the htree_ptrs are in sorted order at the start of the ptrs list
+            let mut prev_hash = HTreeHash::default();
+            let mut count = 0;
+            for ptr in htree_node.ptrs.iter() {
+                if ptr.is_null() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                assert!(
+                    ptr.htree_hash.max_ignoring_default(prev_hash) == ptr.htree_hash,
+                    "index {i}: {:?} > {:?}",
+                    ptr.htree_hash,
+                    prev_hash
+                );
+                prev_hash = ptr.htree_hash;
+                count += 1;
+            }
+            assert_eq!(count, i + 1);
+        }
+
+        // Confirm all expected hashes are present
+        let mut expected_hashes: Vec<u32> = (0..HTREE_IDX_ENTRIES)
+            .map(|i| (100_000 + (i % 10) * 1000 + i) as u32)
+            .collect();
+        expected_hashes.sort();
+
+        for ptr in htree_node.ptrs.iter() {
+            if ptr.is_null() {
+                break;
+            }
+            let idx = expected_hashes
+                .binary_search(&ptr.htree_hash.0.into())
+                .unwrap();
+            expected_hashes.remove(idx);
+        }
+        assert!(expected_hashes.is_empty());
+
+        // Force a split by adding one more entry
+        let htree_ptr: HTreePtr<_> = HTreePtr::<BlockRaw> {
+            htree_hash: HTreeHash(130_000.into()),
+            ptr: BlockPtr::marker(0),
+        };
+
+        let mut expected_hashes: Vec<u32> = (0..HTREE_IDX_ENTRIES)
+            .map(|i| (100_000 + (i % 10) * 1000 + i) as u32)
+            .collect();
+        expected_hashes.push(130_000);
+        expected_hashes.sort();
+
+        let new_sibling = add_inner_node(&mut htree_node, htree_ptr).unwrap();
+        let new_sibling = new_sibling.expect("new_sibling should be created");
+
+        // Confirm all the entries exist across both htree_nodes
+        let mut htree_node_entry_count = 0;
+        for ptr in htree_node.ptrs.iter() {
+            if ptr.ptr.is_null() {
+                break;
+            }
+            htree_node_entry_count += 1;
+            let idx = expected_hashes
+                .binary_search(&ptr.htree_hash.0.into())
+                .unwrap();
+            expected_hashes.remove(idx);
+        }
+
+        let mut new_sibling_entry_count = 0;
+        for ptr in new_sibling.1.ptrs.iter() {
+            if ptr.ptr.is_null() {
+                break;
+            }
+            new_sibling_entry_count += 1;
+            let idx = expected_hashes
+                .binary_search(&ptr.htree_hash.0.into())
+                .unwrap();
+            expected_hashes.remove(idx);
+        }
+        assert!(
+            expected_hashes.is_empty(),
+            "expected_hashes should be empty, but had length {}: {:?}",
+            expected_hashes.len(),
+            expected_hashes
+        );
+
+        // Confirm that the split is in half
+        assert!((htree_node_entry_count as i32 - new_sibling_entry_count).abs() <= 1);
+    }
+}

src/key.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+use aes::{
+    cipher::{BlockDecrypt, BlockEncrypt, KeyInit},
+    Aes128,
+};
+use xts_mode::Xts128;
+
+// The raw key, keep secret!
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct Key([u8; 16]);
+
+impl Key {
+    /// Generate a random key
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Self, getrandom::Error> {
+        let mut bytes = [0; 16];
+        getrandom::getrandom(&mut bytes)?;
+        Ok(Self(bytes))
+    }
+
+    pub fn encrypt(&self, password_aes: &Aes128) -> EncryptedKey {
+        let mut block = aes::Block::from(self.0);
+        password_aes.encrypt_block(&mut block);
+        EncryptedKey(block.into())
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_aes(self) -> Aes128 {
+        Aes128::new(&aes::Block::from(self.0))
+    }
+}
+
+/// The encrypted key, encrypted with AES using the salt and password
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct EncryptedKey([u8; 16]);
+
+impl EncryptedKey {
+    pub fn decrypt(&self, password_aes: &Aes128) -> Key {
+        let mut block = aes::Block::from(self.0);
+        password_aes.decrypt_block(&mut block);
+        Key(block.into())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Salt used to prevent rainbow table attacks on the encryption password
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub struct Salt([u8; 16]);
+
+impl Salt {
+    /// Generate a random salt
+    #[cfg(feature = "std")]
+    pub fn new() -> Result<Self, getrandom::Error> {
+        let mut bytes = [0; 16];
+        getrandom::getrandom(&mut bytes)?;
+        Ok(Self(bytes))
+    }
+}
+
+/// The key slot, containing the salt and encrypted key that are used with one password
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default)]
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct KeySlot {
+    salt: Salt,
+    // Two keys for AES XTS 128
+    encrypted_keys: (EncryptedKey, EncryptedKey),
+}
+
+impl KeySlot {
+    /// Get the password AES key (generated from the password and salt, encrypts the real key)
+    pub fn password_aes(password: &[u8], salt: &Salt) -> Result<Aes128, argon2::Error> {
+        let mut key = Key([0; 16]);
+
+        let mut params_builder = argon2::ParamsBuilder::new();
+        params_builder.output_len(key.0.len())?;
+
+        let argon2 = argon2::Argon2::new(
+            argon2::Algorithm::Argon2id,
+            argon2::Version::V0x13,
+            params_builder.params()?,
+        );
+
+        argon2.hash_password_into(password, &salt.0, &mut key.0)?;
+
+        Ok(key.into_aes())
+    }
+
+    /// Create a new key slot from a password, salt, and encryption key
+    pub fn new(password: &[u8], salt: Salt, keys: (Key, Key)) -> Result<Self, argon2::Error> {
+        let password_aes = Self::password_aes(password, &salt)?;
+        Ok(Self {
+            salt,
+            encrypted_keys: (keys.0.encrypt(&password_aes), keys.1.encrypt(&password_aes)),
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Get the encryption cipher from this key slot
+    pub fn cipher(&self, password: &[u8]) -> Result<Xts128<Aes128>, argon2::Error> {
+        let password_aes = Self::password_aes(password, &self.salt)?;
+        Ok(Xts128::new(
+            self.encrypted_keys.0.decrypt(&password_aes).into_aes(),
+            self.encrypted_keys.1.decrypt(&password_aes).into_aes(),
+        ))
+    }
+}

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,92 +1,70 @@
-//! Redox OS user and group utilities.
+#![crate_name = "redoxfs"]
-//!
+#![crate_type = "lib"]
-//! The `userutils` crate contains the utilities for dealing with users and groups in Redox OS.
+#![cfg_attr(not(feature = "std"), no_std)]
-//! They are heavily influenced by UNIX and are, when needed, tailored to specific Redox use cases.
+// Used often in generating redox_syscall errors
-//!
+#![allow(clippy::or_fun_call)]
-//! These implementations strive to be as simple as possible drawing particular
+#![allow(unexpected_cfgs)]
-//! inspiration by BSD systems. They are indeed small, by choice.
-//!
-//! The included utilities are:
-//!
-//! - `getty`: Used by `init(8)` to open and initialize the TTY line, read a login name and invoke `login(1)`.
-//! - `id`: Displays user identity.
-//! - `login`: Allows users to into the system.
-//! - `passwd`: Allows users to modify their passwords.
-//! - `su`: Allows users to substitute identity.
-//! - `sudo`: Enables users to execute a command as another user.
-//! - `whoami`: Display effective user ID.
 
-use std::io::Result as IoResult;
+extern crate alloc;
 
-use libredox::call::{fchown, open};
+use core::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
-use libredox::error::Result as SysResult;
-use libredox::flag::{O_CLOEXEC, O_CREAT, O_DIRECTORY};
-use redox_users::{All, AllGroups, Error, Result, User, auth};
 
-const DEFAULT_MODE: u16 = 0o700;
+// The alloc log grows by 1 block about every 21 generations
+pub const ALLOC_GC_THRESHOLD: u64 = 1024;
+pub const BLOCK_SIZE: u64 = 4096;
+// A record is 4KiB << 5 = 128KiB
+pub const RECORD_LEVEL: usize = 5;
+pub const RECORD_SIZE: u64 = BLOCK_SIZE << RECORD_LEVEL;
+pub const SIGNATURE: &[u8; 8] = b"RedoxFS\0";
+pub const VERSION: u64 = 8;
+pub const DIR_ENTRY_MAX_LENGTH: usize = 252;
 
-// Not the prettiest thing in the world, but some functionality here makes
+pub static IS_UMT: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
-// some of the utils much less gross
-pub trait AllGroupsExt {
-    fn add_user_to_groups(&mut self, login: &str, groups: Vec<&str>) -> Result<()>;
-    fn remove_user_from_all_groups(&mut self, login: &str);
-}
 
-impl AllGroupsExt for AllGroups {
+pub use self::allocator::{AllocEntry, AllocList, Allocator, ReleaseList, ALLOC_LIST_ENTRIES};
-    // new_groups is a comma separated list of groupnames
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
-    fn add_user_to_groups(&mut self, login: &str, new_groups: Vec<&str>) -> Result<()> {
+pub use self::archive::{archive, archive_at};
-        for groupname in new_groups {
+pub use self::block::{
-            let group = match self.get_mut_by_name(groupname) {
+    BlockAddr, BlockData, BlockLevel, BlockList, BlockMeta, BlockPtr, BlockRaw, BlockTrait,
-                Some(group) => group,
+};
-                None => return Err(Error::UserNotFound),
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
-            };
+pub use self::clone::clone;
-            group.users.push(login.to_string());
+pub use self::dir::{DirEntry, DirList};
-        }
+pub use self::disk::*;
-        Ok(())
+pub use self::filesystem::FileSystem;
-    }
+pub use self::header::{Header, HEADER_RING};
+pub use self::key::{Key, KeySlot, Salt};
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub use self::mount::mount;
+pub use self::node::{Node, NodeFlags, NodeLevel, NodeLevelData};
+pub use self::record::RecordRaw;
+pub use self::transaction::Transaction;
+pub use self::tree::{Tree, TreeData, TreeList, TreePtr};
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+pub use self::unmount::unmount_path;
 
-    /// Remove a user from all groups of which they are a member
+mod allocator;
-    fn remove_user_from_all_groups(&mut self, login: &str) {
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
-        for group in self.iter_mut() {
+mod archive;
-            let op_pos = group.users.iter().position(|username| username == login);
+mod block;
-            if let Some(indx) = op_pos {
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
-                group.users.remove(indx);
+mod clone;
-            }
+mod dir;
-        }
+mod disk;
-    }
+mod filesystem;
-}
+mod header;
+mod htree;
+mod key;
+#[cfg(all(feature = "std", not(fuzzing)))]
+mod mount;
+#[cfg(all(feature = "std", fuzzing))]
+pub mod mount;
+mod node;
+mod record;
+mod transaction;
+mod tree;
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+mod unmount;
 
-/// Spawns a shell for the given `User`.
+#[cfg(all(feature = "std", test))]
-///
+mod tests;
-/// This function wraps the shell_cmd function of the User struct
-/// from redox_users and manages the child process. It is a blocking
-/// operation.
-///
-/// # Examples
-///
-/// ```
-/// use redox_users::AllUsers;
-///
-/// let sys_users = AllUsers::new().unwrap();
-/// let user = sys_users.get_by_name("goyox86");
-/// spawn_shell(user).unwrap();
-/// ```
-pub fn spawn_shell<T: Default>(user: &User<T>) -> IoResult<i32> {
-    let mut command = user.shell_cmd();
-
-    let mut child = command.spawn()?;
-    match child.wait()?.code() {
-        Some(code) => Ok(code),
-        None => Ok(1),
-    }
-}
-
-/// Creates a directory with 700 user:user permissions
-pub fn create_user_dir<T>(user: &User<auth::Full>, dir: T) -> SysResult<()>
-where
-    T: AsRef<str> + std::convert::AsRef<[u8]>,
-{
-    let fd = open(dir, O_CREAT | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC, DEFAULT_MODE)?;
-    fchown(fd, user.uid as u32, user.gid as u32)?;
-    Ok(())
-}

src/mount/fuse.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,580 @@
+extern crate fuser;
+
+use std::cmp;
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
+use std::io;
+use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+use self::fuser::MountOption;
+use self::fuser::TimeOrNow;
+use crate::mount::fuse::TimeOrNow::Now;
+use crate::mount::fuse::TimeOrNow::SpecificTime;
+
+use crate::{filesystem, Disk, Node, TreeData, TreePtr, BLOCK_SIZE};
+
+use self::fuser::{
+    FileAttr, FileType, Filesystem, ReplyAttr, ReplyCreate, ReplyData, ReplyDirectory, ReplyEmpty,
+    ReplyEntry, ReplyOpen, ReplyStatfs, ReplyWrite, Request, Session,
+};
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+const TTL: Duration = Duration::new(1, 0); // 1 second
+
+const NULL_TIME: Duration = Duration::new(0, 0);
+
+pub fn mount<D, P, T, F>(
+    mut filesystem: filesystem::FileSystem<D>,
+    mountpoint: P,
+    callback: F,
+) -> io::Result<T>
+where
+    D: Disk,
+    P: AsRef<Path>,
+    F: FnOnce(&Path) -> T,
+{
+    let mountpoint = mountpoint.as_ref();
+
+    // One of the uses of this redoxfs fuse wrapper is to populate a filesystem
+    // while building the Redox OS kernel. This means that we need to write on
+    // a filesystem that belongs to `root`, which in turn means that we need to
+    // be `root`, thus that we need to allow `root` to have access.
+    let defer_permissions = [MountOption::CUSTOM("defer_permissions".to_owned())];
+
+    let res = {
+        let mut session = Session::new(
+            Fuse {
+                fs: &mut filesystem,
+            },
+            mountpoint,
+            if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
+                &defer_permissions
+            } else {
+                &[]
+            },
+        )?;
+
+        let res = callback(mountpoint);
+
+        session.run()?;
+
+        res
+    };
+
+    // Cleanup on unmount
+    filesystem.cleanup()?;
+
+    Ok(res)
+}
+
+pub struct Fuse<'f, D: Disk> {
+    pub fs: &'f mut filesystem::FileSystem<D>,
+}
+
+fn node_attr(node: &TreeData<Node>) -> FileAttr {
+    FileAttr {
+        ino: node.id() as u64,
+        size: node.data().size(),
+        // Blocks is in 512 byte blocks, not in our block size
+        blocks: node.data().blocks() * (BLOCK_SIZE / 512),
+        blksize: 512,
+        atime: SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::new(node.data().atime().0, node.data().atime().1),
+        mtime: SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::new(node.data().mtime().0, node.data().mtime().1),
+        ctime: SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH + Duration::new(node.data().ctime().0, node.data().ctime().1),
+        crtime: UNIX_EPOCH + NULL_TIME,
+        kind: if node.data().is_dir() {
+            FileType::Directory
+        } else if node.data().is_symlink() {
+            FileType::Symlink
+        } else {
+            FileType::RegularFile
+        },
+        perm: node.data().mode() & Node::MODE_PERM,
+        nlink: node.data().links(),
+        uid: node.data().uid(),
+        gid: node.data().gid(),
+        rdev: 0,
+        flags: 0,
+    }
+}
+
+impl<D: Disk> Filesystem for Fuse<'_, D> {
+    fn lookup(&mut self, _req: &Request, parent_id: u64, name: &OsStr, reply: ReplyEntry) {
+        let parent_ptr = TreePtr::new(parent_id as u32);
+        match self
+            .fs
+            .tx(|tx| tx.find_node(parent_ptr, name.to_str().unwrap()))
+        {
+            Ok(node) => {
+                reply.entry(&TTL, &node_attr(&node), 0);
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                reply.error(err.errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn getattr(&mut self, _req: &Request, node_id: u64, _fh: Option<u64>, reply: ReplyAttr) {
+        let node_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(node_id as u32);
+        match self.fs.tx(|tx| tx.read_tree(node_ptr)) {
+            Ok(node) => {
+                reply.attr(&TTL, &node_attr(&node));
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                reply.error(err.errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn setattr(
+        &mut self,
+        _req: &Request,
+        node_id: u64,
+        mode: Option<u32>,
+        uid: Option<u32>,
+        gid: Option<u32>,
+        size: Option<u64>,
+        atime: Option<TimeOrNow>,
+        mtime: Option<TimeOrNow>,
+        _ctime: Option<SystemTime>,
+        _fh: Option<u64>,
+        _crtime: Option<SystemTime>,
+        _chgtime: Option<SystemTime>,
+        _bkuptime: Option<SystemTime>,
+        _flags: Option<u32>,
+        reply: ReplyAttr,
+    ) {
+        let node_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(node_id as u32);
+
+        let mut node = match self.fs.tx(|tx| tx.read_tree(node_ptr)) {
+            Ok(ok) => ok,
+            Err(err) => {
+                reply.error(err.errno);
+                return;
+            }
+        };
+        let mut node_changed = false;
+
+        if let Some(mode) = mode {
+            if node.data().mode() & Node::MODE_PERM != mode as u16 & Node::MODE_PERM {
+                let new_mode =
+                    (node.data().mode() & Node::MODE_TYPE) | (mode as u16 & Node::MODE_PERM);
+                node.data_mut().set_mode(new_mode);
+                node_changed = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(uid) = uid {
+            if node.data().uid() != uid {
+                node.data_mut().set_uid(uid);
+                node_changed = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(gid) = gid {
+            if node.data().gid() != gid {
+                node.data_mut().set_gid(gid);
+                node_changed = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if let Some(atime) = atime {
+            let atime_c = match atime {
+                SpecificTime(st) => st.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap(),
+                Now => SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap(),
+            };
+            node.data_mut()
+                .set_atime(atime_c.as_secs(), atime_c.subsec_nanos());
+            node_changed = true;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(mtime) = mtime {
+            let mtime_c = match mtime {
+                SpecificTime(st) => st.duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap(),
+                Now => SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap(),
+            };
+            node.data_mut()
+                .set_mtime(mtime_c.as_secs(), mtime_c.subsec_nanos());
+            node_changed = true;
+        }
+
+        if let Some(size) = size {
+            match self.fs.tx(|tx| tx.truncate_node_inner(&mut node, size)) {
+                Ok(ok) => {
+                    if ok {
+                        node_changed = true;
+                    }
+                }
+                Err(err) => {
+                    reply.error(err.errno);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let attr = node_attr(&node);
+
+        if node_changed {
+            if let Err(err) = self.fs.tx(|tx| tx.sync_tree(node)) {
+                reply.error(err.errno);
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        reply.attr(&TTL, &attr);
+    }
+
+    fn open(&mut self, _req: &Request<'_>, node_id: u64, _flags: i32, reply: ReplyOpen) {
+        let node_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(node_id as u32);
+        match self.fs.tx(|tx| tx.on_open_node(node_ptr)) {
+            Ok(()) => reply.opened(0, 0),
+            Err(err) => reply.error(err.errno),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read(
+        &mut self,
+        _req: &Request,
+        node_id: u64,
+        _fh: u64,
+        offset: i64,
+        size: u32,
+        _flags: i32,
+        _lock_owner: Option<u64>,
+        reply: ReplyData,
+    ) {
+        let node_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(node_id as u32);
+
+        let atime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+        let mut data = vec![0; size as usize];
+        match self.fs.tx(|tx| {
+            tx.read_node(
+                node_ptr,
+                cmp::max(0, offset) as u64,
+                &mut data,
+                atime.as_secs(),
+                atime.subsec_nanos(),
+            )
+        }) {
+            Ok(count) => {
+                reply.data(&data[..count]);
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                reply.error(err.errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write(
+        &mut self,
+        _req: &Request,
+        node_id: u64,
+        _fh: u64,
+        offset: i64,
+        data: &[u8],
+        _write_flags: u32,
+        _flags: i32,
+        _lock_owner: Option<u64>,
+        reply: ReplyWrite,
+    ) {
+        let node_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(node_id as u32);
+
+        let mtime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+        match self.fs.tx(|tx| {
+            tx.write_node(
+                node_ptr,
+                cmp::max(0, offset) as u64,
+                data,
+                mtime.as_secs(),
+                mtime.subsec_nanos(),
+            )
+        }) {
+            Ok(count) => {
+                reply.written(count as u32);
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                reply.error(err.errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self, _req: &Request, _ino: u64, _fh: u64, _lock_owner: u64, reply: ReplyEmpty) {
+        reply.ok();
+    }
+
+    fn release(
+        &mut self,
+        _req: &Request,
+        node_id: u64,
+        _fh: u64,
+        _flags: i32,
+        _lock_owner: Option<u64>,
+        _flush: bool,
+        reply: ReplyEmpty,
+    ) {
+        let node_ptr = TreePtr::new(node_id as u32);
+        match self.fs.tx(|tx| tx.on_close_node(node_ptr)) {
+            Ok(()) => reply.ok(),
+            Err(err) => reply.error(err.errno),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn fsync(&mut self, _req: &Request, _ino: u64, _fh: u64, _datasync: bool, reply: ReplyEmpty) {
+        reply.ok();
+    }
+
+    fn readdir(
+        &mut self,
+        _req: &Request,
+        parent_id: u64,
+        _fh: u64,
+        offset: i64,
+        mut reply: ReplyDirectory,
+    ) {
+        let parent_ptr = TreePtr::new(parent_id as u32);
+        let mut children = Vec::new();
+        match self.fs.tx(|tx| tx.child_nodes(parent_ptr, &mut children)) {
+            Ok(()) => {
+                let mut i;
+                let skip;
+                if offset == 0 {
+                    skip = 0;
+                    i = 0;
+                    let _full = reply.add(parent_id, i, FileType::Directory, ".");
+
+                    i += 1;
+                    let _full = reply.add(
+                        //TODO: get parent?
+                        parent_id,
+                        i,
+                        FileType::Directory,
+                        "..",
+                    );
+                    i += 1;
+                } else {
+                    i = offset + 1;
+                    skip = offset as usize - 1;
+                }
+
+                for child in children.iter().skip(skip) {
+                    //TODO: make it possible to get file type from directory entry
+                    let node = match self.fs.tx(|tx| tx.read_tree(child.node_ptr())) {
+                        Ok(ok) => ok,
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            reply.error(err.errno);
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    };
+
+                    let full = reply.add(
+                        child.node_ptr().id() as u64,
+                        i,
+                        if node.data().is_dir() {
+                            FileType::Directory
+                        } else {
+                            FileType::RegularFile
+                        },
+                        child.name().unwrap(),
+                    );
+
+                    if full {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    i += 1;
+                }
+                reply.ok();
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                reply.error(err.errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn create(
+        &mut self,
+        _req: &Request,
+        parent_id: u64,
+        name: &OsStr,
+        mode: u32,
+        _umask: u32,
+        _flags: i32,
+        reply: ReplyCreate,
+    ) {
+        let parent_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(parent_id as u32);
+        let ctime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+        match self.fs.tx(|tx| {
+            let node = tx.create_node(
+                parent_ptr,
+                name.to_str().unwrap(),
+                Node::MODE_FILE | (mode as u16 & Node::MODE_PERM),
+                ctime.as_secs(),
+                ctime.subsec_nanos(),
+            )?;
+            tx.on_open_node(node.ptr())?;
+            Ok(node)
+        }) {
+            Ok(node) => {
+                // println!("Create {:?}:{:o}:{:o}", node.1.name(), node.1.mode, mode);
+                reply.created(&TTL, &node_attr(&node), 0, 0, 0);
+            }
+            Err(error) => {
+                reply.error(error.errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn mkdir(
+        &mut self,
+        _req: &Request,
+        parent_id: u64,
+        name: &OsStr,
+        mode: u32,
+        _umask: u32,
+        reply: ReplyEntry,
+    ) {
+        let parent_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(parent_id as u32);
+        let ctime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+        match self.fs.tx(|tx| {
+            tx.create_node(
+                parent_ptr,
+                name.to_str().unwrap(),
+                Node::MODE_DIR | (mode as u16 & Node::MODE_PERM),
+                ctime.as_secs(),
+                ctime.subsec_nanos(),
+            )
+        }) {
+            Ok(node) => {
+                // println!("Mkdir {:?}:{:o}:{:o}", node.1.name(), node.1.mode, mode);
+                reply.entry(&TTL, &node_attr(&node), 0);
+            }
+            Err(error) => {
+                reply.error(error.errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn rmdir(&mut self, _req: &Request, parent_id: u64, name: &OsStr, reply: ReplyEmpty) {
+        let parent_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(parent_id as u32);
+        match self
+            .fs
+            .tx(|tx| tx.remove_node(parent_ptr, name.to_str().unwrap(), Node::MODE_DIR))
+        {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                reply.ok();
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                reply.error(err.errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn unlink(&mut self, _req: &Request, parent_id: u64, name: &OsStr, reply: ReplyEmpty) {
+        let parent_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(parent_id as u32);
+        match self
+            .fs
+            .tx(|tx| tx.remove_node(parent_ptr, name.to_str().unwrap(), Node::MODE_FILE))
+        {
+            Ok(_) => {
+                reply.ok();
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                reply.error(err.errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn statfs(&mut self, _req: &Request, _ino: u64, reply: ReplyStatfs) {
+        let bsize = BLOCK_SIZE;
+        let blocks = self.fs.header.size() / bsize;
+        let bfree = self.fs.allocator().free();
+        reply.statfs(blocks, bfree, bfree, 0, 0, bsize as u32, 256, 0);
+    }
+
+    fn symlink(
+        &mut self,
+        _req: &Request,
+        parent_id: u64,
+        name: &OsStr,
+        link: &Path,
+        reply: ReplyEntry,
+    ) {
+        let parent_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(parent_id as u32);
+        let ctime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+        match self.fs.tx(|tx| {
+            let node = tx.create_node(
+                parent_ptr,
+                name.to_str().unwrap(),
+                Node::MODE_SYMLINK | 0o777,
+                ctime.as_secs(),
+                ctime.subsec_nanos(),
+            )?;
+
+            let mtime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+            tx.write_node(
+                node.ptr(),
+                0,
+                link.as_os_str().as_bytes(),
+                mtime.as_secs(),
+                mtime.subsec_nanos(),
+            )?;
+
+            Ok(node)
+        }) {
+            Ok(node) => {
+                reply.entry(&TTL, &node_attr(&node), 0);
+            }
+            Err(error) => {
+                reply.error(error.errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn readlink(&mut self, _req: &Request, node_id: u64, reply: ReplyData) {
+        let node_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(node_id as u32);
+        let atime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+        let mut data = vec![0; 4096];
+        match self.fs.tx(|tx| {
+            tx.read_node(
+                node_ptr,
+                0,
+                &mut data,
+                atime.as_secs(),
+                atime.subsec_nanos(),
+            )
+        }) {
+            Ok(count) => {
+                reply.data(&data[..count]);
+            }
+            Err(err) => {
+                reply.error(err.errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn rename(
+        &mut self,
+        _req: &Request,
+        orig_parent: u64,
+        orig_name: &OsStr,
+        new_parent: u64,
+        new_name: &OsStr,
+        _flags: u32,
+        reply: ReplyEmpty,
+    ) {
+        let orig_parent_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(orig_parent as u32);
+        let orig_name = orig_name.to_str().expect("name is not utf-8");
+        let new_parent_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::new(new_parent as u32);
+        let new_name = new_name.to_str().expect("name is not utf-8");
+
+        // TODO: improve performance
+        match self
+            .fs
+            .tx(|tx| tx.rename_node(orig_parent_ptr, orig_name, new_parent_ptr, new_name))
+        {
+            Ok(()) => reply.ok(),
+            Err(err) => reply.error(err.errno),
+        }
+    }
+}

src/mount/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#[cfg(all(not(target_os = "redox"), not(fuzzing), feature = "fuse"))]
+mod fuse;
+
+#[cfg(all(not(target_os = "redox"), fuzzing, feature = "fuse"))]
+pub mod fuse;
+
+#[cfg(all(not(target_os = "redox"), feature = "fuse"))]
+pub use self::fuse::mount;
+
+#[cfg(all(not(target_os = "redox"), not(fuzzing), not(feature = "fuse")))]
+mod stub;
+
+#[cfg(all(not(target_os = "redox"), fuzzing, not(feature = "fuse")))]
+pub mod stub;
+
+#[cfg(all(not(target_os = "redox"), not(feature = "fuse")))]
+pub use self::stub::mount;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "redox")]
+mod redox;
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "redox")]
+pub use self::redox::mount;

src/mount/redox/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+use redox_scheme::{
+    scheme::{SchemeState, SchemeSync},
+    RequestKind, Response, SignalBehavior, Socket,
+};
+use std::io;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+
+use crate::{Disk, FileSystem, IS_UMT};
+
+use self::scheme::FileScheme;
+
+pub mod resource;
+pub mod scheme;
+
+//FIXME: mut callback is not mut
+#[allow(unused_mut)]
+
+pub fn mount<D, P, T, F>(filesystem: FileSystem<D>, mountpoint: P, mut callback: F) -> io::Result<T>
+where
+    D: Disk,
+    P: AsRef<Path>,
+    F: FnOnce(&Path) -> T,
+{
+    let mountpoint = mountpoint.as_ref();
+    let socket = Socket::create()?;
+
+    let scheme_name = format!("{}", mountpoint.display());
+    let mounted_path = format!("/scheme/{}", mountpoint.display());
+
+    let mut state = SchemeState::new();
+    let mut scheme = FileScheme::new(scheme_name, mounted_path.clone(), filesystem, &socket)?;
+
+    redox_scheme::scheme::register_sync_scheme(
+        &socket,
+        &format!("{}", mountpoint.display()),
+        &mut scheme,
+    )?;
+
+    let res = callback(Path::new(&mounted_path));
+
+    while IS_UMT.load(Ordering::SeqCst) == 0 {
+        let req = match socket.next_request(SignalBehavior::Restart)? {
+            None => break,
+            Some(req) => {
+                match req.kind() {
+                    RequestKind::Call(r) => r,
+                    RequestKind::SendFd(sendfd_request) => {
+                        let result = scheme.on_sendfd(&sendfd_request);
+                        let response = Response::new(result, sendfd_request);
+
+                        if !socket.write_response(response, SignalBehavior::Restart)? {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    RequestKind::OnClose { id } => {
+                        scheme.on_close(id);
+                        state.on_close(id);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    RequestKind::OnDetach { id, pid } => {
+                        let Ok(inode) = scheme.inode(id) else {
+                            log::warn!("RequestKind::OnDetach with invalid `id`");
+                            continue;
+                        };
+                        state.on_detach(id, inode, pid);
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        // TODO: Redoxfs does not yet support asynchronous file IO. It might still make
+                        // sense to implement cancellation for huge buffers, e.g. dd bs=1G
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        let response = req.handle_sync(&mut scheme, &mut state);
+
+        if !socket.write_response(response, SignalBehavior::Restart)? {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Cleanup on unmount
+    scheme.fs.cleanup()?;
+
+    Ok(res)
+}

src/mount/redox/resource.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,881 @@
+use std::slice;
+use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+use alloc::collections::BTreeMap;
+use libredox::call::MmapArgs;
+use range_tree::RangeTree;
+
+use syscall::data::{Stat, TimeSpec};
+use syscall::dirent::{DirEntry, DirentBuf, DirentKind};
+use syscall::error::{Error, Result, EBADF, EINVAL, EISDIR, ENOTDIR, EPERM};
+use syscall::flag::{
+    MapFlags, F_GETFL, F_SETFL, MODE_PERM, O_ACCMODE, O_APPEND, O_RDONLY, O_RDWR, O_WRONLY,
+    PROT_READ, PROT_WRITE,
+};
+use syscall::{EBADFD, ENOENT, PAGE_SIZE};
+
+use crate::{Disk, Node, Transaction, TreePtr, BLOCK_SIZE};
+
+pub type Fmaps = BTreeMap<u32, FileMmapInfo>;
+
+pub trait Resource<D: Disk> {
+    fn parent_ptr_opt(&self) -> Option<TreePtr<Node>>;
+
+    fn node_ptr(&self) -> TreePtr<Node>;
+
+    fn uid(&self) -> u32;
+
+    fn set_path(&mut self, path: &str);
+
+    fn read(
+        &mut self,
+        fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        buf: &mut [u8],
+        offset: u64,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<usize>;
+
+    fn write(
+        &mut self,
+        fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        buf: &[u8],
+        offset: u64,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<usize>;
+
+    fn fsize(&mut self, tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<u64>;
+
+    fn fmap(
+        &mut self,
+        fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        flags: MapFlags,
+        size: usize,
+        offset: u64,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<usize>;
+
+    fn funmap(
+        &mut self,
+        fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        offset: u64,
+        size: usize,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<()>;
+
+    fn fchmod(&mut self, mode: u16, tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut node = tx.read_tree(self.node_ptr())?;
+
+        if node.data().uid() == self.uid() || self.uid() == 0 {
+            let old_mode = node.data().mode();
+            let new_mode = (old_mode & !MODE_PERM) | (mode & MODE_PERM);
+            if old_mode != new_mode {
+                node.data_mut().set_mode(new_mode);
+                tx.sync_tree(node)?;
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::new(EPERM))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn fchown(&mut self, uid: u32, gid: u32, tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut node = tx.read_tree(self.node_ptr())?;
+
+        let old_uid = node.data().uid();
+        if old_uid == self.uid() || self.uid() == 0 {
+            let mut node_changed = false;
+
+            if uid as i32 != -1 {
+                if uid != old_uid {
+                    node.data_mut().set_uid(uid);
+                    node_changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if gid as i32 != -1 {
+                let old_gid = node.data().gid();
+                if gid != old_gid {
+                    node.data_mut().set_gid(gid);
+                    node_changed = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if node_changed {
+                tx.sync_tree(node)?;
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::new(EPERM))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn fcntl(&mut self, cmd: usize, arg: usize) -> Result<usize>;
+
+    fn path(&self) -> &str;
+
+    fn stat(&self, stat: &mut Stat, tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()> {
+        let node = tx.read_tree(self.node_ptr())?;
+
+        let ctime = node.data().ctime();
+        let mtime = node.data().mtime();
+        let atime = node.data().atime();
+        *stat = Stat {
+            st_dev: 0, // TODO
+            st_ino: node.id() as u64,
+            st_mode: node.data().mode(),
+            st_nlink: node.data().links(),
+            st_uid: node.data().uid(),
+            st_gid: node.data().gid(),
+            st_size: node.data().size(),
+            st_blksize: 512,
+            // Blocks is in 512 byte blocks, not in our block size
+            st_blocks: node.data().blocks() * (BLOCK_SIZE / 512),
+            st_mtime: mtime.0,
+            st_mtime_nsec: mtime.1,
+            st_atime: atime.0,
+            st_atime_nsec: atime.1,
+            st_ctime: ctime.0,
+            st_ctime_nsec: ctime.1,
+        };
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn sync(&mut self, fmaps: &mut Fmaps, tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()>;
+
+    fn truncate(&mut self, len: u64, tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()>;
+
+    fn utimens(&mut self, times: &[TimeSpec], tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()>;
+
+    fn getdents<'buf>(
+        &mut self,
+        buf: DirentBuf<&'buf mut [u8]>,
+        opaque_offset: u64,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<DirentBuf<&'buf mut [u8]>>;
+}
+
+pub struct Entry {
+    pub node_ptr: TreePtr<Node>,
+    pub name: String,
+}
+
+pub struct DirResource {
+    path: String,
+    parent_ptr_opt: Option<TreePtr<Node>>,
+    node_ptr: TreePtr<Node>,
+    data: Option<Vec<Entry>>,
+    uid: u32,
+}
+
+impl DirResource {
+    pub fn new(
+        path: String,
+        parent_ptr_opt: Option<TreePtr<Node>>,
+        node_ptr: TreePtr<Node>,
+        data: Option<Vec<Entry>>,
+        uid: u32,
+    ) -> DirResource {
+        DirResource {
+            path,
+            parent_ptr_opt,
+            node_ptr,
+            data,
+            uid,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<D: Disk> Resource<D> for DirResource {
+    fn parent_ptr_opt(&self) -> Option<TreePtr<Node>> {
+        self.parent_ptr_opt
+    }
+
+    fn node_ptr(&self) -> TreePtr<Node> {
+        self.node_ptr
+    }
+
+    fn uid(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.uid
+    }
+
+    fn set_path(&mut self, path: &str) {
+        self.path = path.to_string();
+    }
+
+    fn read(
+        &mut self,
+        _fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        _buf: &mut [u8],
+        _offset: u64,
+        _tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<usize> {
+        Err(Error::new(EISDIR))
+    }
+
+    fn write(
+        &mut self,
+        _fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        _buf: &[u8],
+        _offset: u64,
+        _tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<usize> {
+        Err(Error::new(EBADF))
+    }
+
+    fn fsize(&mut self, _tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<u64> {
+        Ok(self.data.as_ref().ok_or(Error::new(EBADF))?.len() as u64)
+    }
+
+    fn fmap(
+        &mut self,
+        _fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        _flags: MapFlags,
+        _size: usize,
+        _offset: u64,
+        _tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<usize> {
+        Err(Error::new(EBADF))
+    }
+    fn funmap(
+        &mut self,
+        _fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        _offset: u64,
+        _size: usize,
+        _tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(Error::new(EBADF))
+    }
+
+    fn fcntl(&mut self, _cmd: usize, _arg: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+        Err(Error::new(EBADF))
+    }
+
+    fn path(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.path
+    }
+
+    fn sync(&mut self, _fmaps: &mut Fmaps, _tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(Error::new(EBADF))
+    }
+
+    fn truncate(&mut self, _len: u64, _tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()> {
+        Err(Error::new(EBADF))
+    }
+
+    fn utimens(&mut self, times: &[TimeSpec], tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut node = tx.read_tree(self.node_ptr)?;
+
+        if node.data().uid() == self.uid || self.uid == 0 {
+            if let &[atime, mtime] = times {
+                let mut node_changed = false;
+
+                let old_mtime = node.data().mtime();
+                let new_mtime = (mtime.tv_sec as u64, mtime.tv_nsec as u32);
+                if old_mtime != new_mtime {
+                    node.data_mut().set_mtime(new_mtime.0, new_mtime.1);
+                    node_changed = true;
+                }
+
+                let old_atime = node.data().atime();
+                let new_atime = (atime.tv_sec as u64, atime.tv_nsec as u32);
+                if old_atime != new_atime {
+                    node.data_mut().set_atime(new_atime.0, new_atime.1);
+                    node_changed = true;
+                }
+
+                if node_changed {
+                    tx.sync_tree(node)?;
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::new(EPERM))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn getdents<'buf>(
+        &mut self,
+        mut buf: DirentBuf<&'buf mut [u8]>,
+        opaque_offset: u64,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<DirentBuf<&'buf mut [u8]>> {
+        match &self.data {
+            Some(data) => {
+                let opaque_offset = opaque_offset as usize;
+                for (idx, entry) in data.iter().enumerate().skip(opaque_offset) {
+                    let child = match tx.read_tree(entry.node_ptr) {
+                        Ok(r) => r,
+                        Err(Error { errno: ENOENT }) => continue,
+                        Err(err) => return Err(err),
+                    };
+                    let result = buf.entry(DirEntry {
+                        inode: child.id() as u64,
+                        next_opaque_id: idx as u64 + 1,
+                        name: &entry.name,
+                        kind: match child.data().mode() & Node::MODE_TYPE {
+                            Node::MODE_DIR => DirentKind::Directory,
+                            Node::MODE_FILE => DirentKind::Regular,
+                            Node::MODE_SYMLINK => DirentKind::Symlink,
+                            //TODO: more types?
+                            _ => DirentKind::Unspecified,
+                        },
+                    });
+                    if let Err(err) = result {
+                        if err.errno == EINVAL && idx > opaque_offset {
+                            // POSIX allows partial result of getdents
+                            break;
+                        } else {
+                            return Err(err);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Ok(buf)
+            }
+            None => Err(Error::new(EBADF)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct Fmap {
+    rc: usize,
+    flags: MapFlags,
+    last_page_tail: u16,
+    version: u64,
+}
+
+impl Fmap {
+    pub unsafe fn new<D: Disk>(
+        node_ptr: TreePtr<Node>,
+        flags: MapFlags,
+        unaligned_size: usize,
+        offset: u64,
+        base: *mut u8,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<Self> {
+        // Memory provided to fmap must be page aligned and sized
+        let aligned_size = unaligned_size.next_multiple_of(syscall::PAGE_SIZE);
+
+        let address = base.add(offset as usize);
+        //println!("ADDR {:p} {:p}", base, address);
+
+        // Read buffer from disk
+        let atime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+
+        let buf = slice::from_raw_parts_mut(address, unaligned_size);
+
+        let count = match tx.read_node(node_ptr, offset, buf, atime.as_secs(), atime.subsec_nanos())
+        {
+            Ok(ok) => ok,
+            Err(err) => {
+                let _ = libredox::call::munmap(address.cast(), aligned_size);
+                return Err(err);
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Make sure remaining data is zeroed
+        buf[count..].fill(0_u8);
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            rc: 1,
+            flags,
+            last_page_tail: (unaligned_size % PAGE_SIZE) as u16,
+            version: 0,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub unsafe fn sync<D: Disk>(
+        &mut self,
+        node_ptr: TreePtr<Node>,
+        base: *mut u8,
+        offset: u64,
+        size: usize,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.flags & PROT_WRITE == PROT_WRITE {
+            let mtime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+            tx.write_node(
+                node_ptr,
+                offset,
+                unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts(base.add(offset as usize), size) },
+                mtime.as_secs(),
+                mtime.subsec_nanos(),
+            )?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct FileResource {
+    path: String,
+    parent_ptr_opt: Option<TreePtr<Node>>,
+    node_ptr: TreePtr<Node>,
+    flags: usize,
+    uid: u32,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FileMmapInfo {
+    base: *mut u8,
+    size: usize,
+    pub ranges: RangeTree<Fmap>,
+    pub open_fds: usize,
+    pub version: u64,
+}
+
+impl FileMmapInfo {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            base: core::ptr::null_mut(),
+            size: 0,
+            ranges: RangeTree::new(),
+            open_fds: 0,
+            version: 0,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn in_use(&self) -> bool {
+        self.open_fds > 0 || self.ranges.iter().any(|(_, fmap)| fmap.rc > 0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn stale(&self) -> bool {
+        // TODO: should this be any?
+        // TODO: stale by duration/memory pressure
+        self.ranges
+            .iter()
+            .all(|(_, fmap)| fmap.version != self.version)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for FileMmapInfo {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if self.in_use() {
+            log::error!("FileMmapInfo dropped while in use");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl FileResource {
+    pub fn new(
+        path: String,
+        parent_ptr_opt: Option<TreePtr<Node>>,
+        node_ptr: TreePtr<Node>,
+        flags: usize,
+        uid: u32,
+    ) -> FileResource {
+        FileResource {
+            path,
+            parent_ptr_opt,
+            node_ptr,
+            flags,
+            uid,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<D: Disk> Resource<D> for FileResource {
+    fn parent_ptr_opt(&self) -> Option<TreePtr<Node>> {
+        self.parent_ptr_opt
+    }
+
+    fn node_ptr(&self) -> TreePtr<Node> {
+        self.node_ptr
+    }
+
+    fn uid(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.uid
+    }
+
+    fn set_path(&mut self, path: &str) {
+        self.path = path.to_string();
+    }
+
+    fn read(
+        &mut self,
+        fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        buf: &mut [u8],
+        offset: u64,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<usize> {
+        if self.flags & O_ACCMODE != O_RDWR && self.flags & O_ACCMODE != O_RDONLY {
+            return Err(Error::new(EBADF));
+        }
+        if let Some(fmap_info) = fmaps.get_mut(&self.node_ptr.id()) {
+            if !fmap_info.base.is_null() {
+                let requested_end = offset + buf.len() as u64;
+                let mut next_offset = offset;
+                let mut cacheable = true;
+
+                for (range, fmap) in fmap_info.ranges.conflicts(offset..requested_end) {
+                    if range.start > next_offset || fmap.version != fmap_info.version {
+                        // there's a hole
+                        cacheable = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    next_offset = next_offset.max(range.end);
+                }
+
+                if cacheable && next_offset >= requested_end {
+                    unsafe {
+                        core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
+                            fmap_info.base.add(offset as usize),
+                            buf.as_mut_ptr(),
+                            buf.len(),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    return Ok(buf.len());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let atime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+        tx.read_node(
+            self.node_ptr,
+            offset,
+            buf,
+            atime.as_secs(),
+            atime.subsec_nanos(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn write(
+        &mut self,
+        fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        buf: &[u8],
+        offset: u64,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<usize> {
+        if self.flags & O_ACCMODE != O_RDWR && self.flags & O_ACCMODE != O_WRONLY {
+            return Err(Error::new(EBADF));
+        }
+        let effective_offset = if self.flags & O_APPEND == O_APPEND {
+            let node = tx.read_tree(self.node_ptr)?;
+            node.data().size()
+        } else {
+            offset
+        };
+        if let Some(fmap_info) = fmaps.get_mut(&self.node_ptr.id()) {
+            fmap_info.version += 1;
+        }
+        let mtime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+        tx.write_node(
+            self.node_ptr,
+            effective_offset,
+            buf,
+            mtime.as_secs(),
+            mtime.subsec_nanos(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn fsize(&mut self, tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<u64> {
+        let node = tx.read_tree(self.node_ptr)?;
+        Ok(node.data().size())
+    }
+
+    fn fmap(
+        &mut self,
+        fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        flags: MapFlags,
+        unaligned_size: usize,
+        offset: u64,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<usize> {
+        //dbg!(&self.fmaps);
+        let accmode = self.flags & O_ACCMODE;
+        if flags.contains(PROT_READ) && !(accmode == O_RDWR || accmode == O_RDONLY) {
+            return Err(Error::new(EBADF));
+        }
+        if flags.contains(PROT_WRITE) && !(accmode == O_RDWR || accmode == O_WRONLY) {
+            return Err(Error::new(EBADF));
+        }
+
+        let aligned_size = unaligned_size.next_multiple_of(PAGE_SIZE);
+
+        // TODO: PROT_EXEC? It is however unenforcable without restricting anonymous mmap, since a
+        // program can always map anonymous RW-, read from a file, then remap as R-E. But it might
+        // be usable as a hint, prohibiting direct executable mmaps at least.
+
+        // TODO: Pass entry directory to Resource trait functions, since the node_ptr can be
+        // obtained by the caller.
+        let fmap_info = fmaps
+            .get_mut(&self.node_ptr.id())
+            .ok_or(Error::new(EBADFD))?;
+
+        if !fmap_info.in_use() {
+            // Notify filesystem of open
+            tx.on_open_node(self.node_ptr)?;
+        }
+
+        let new_size = (offset as usize + aligned_size).next_multiple_of(PAGE_SIZE);
+        if new_size > fmap_info.size {
+            fmap_info.base = if fmap_info.base.is_null() {
+                unsafe {
+                    libredox::call::mmap(MmapArgs {
+                        length: new_size,
+                        // PRIVATE/SHARED doesn't matter once the pages are passed in the fmap
+                        // handler.
+                        prot: libredox::flag::PROT_READ | libredox::flag::PROT_WRITE,
+                        flags: libredox::flag::MAP_PRIVATE,
+
+                        offset: 0,
+                        fd: !0,
+                        addr: core::ptr::null_mut(),
+                    })? as *mut u8
+                }
+            } else {
+                unsafe {
+                    syscall::syscall5(
+                        syscall::SYS_MREMAP,
+                        fmap_info.base as usize,
+                        fmap_info.size,
+                        0,
+                        new_size,
+                        syscall::MremapFlags::empty().bits() | (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE).bits(),
+                    )? as *mut u8
+                }
+            };
+            fmap_info.size = new_size;
+        }
+
+        let affected_fmaps = fmap_info
+            .ranges
+            .remove_and_unused(offset..offset + aligned_size as u64);
+
+        for (range, v_opt) in affected_fmaps {
+            //dbg!(&range);
+            let range_size = range.end - range.start;
+            if let Some(mut fmap) = v_opt {
+                fmap.rc += 1;
+                fmap.flags |= flags;
+                fmap.version = fmap_info.version;
+                //FIXME: Use result?
+                let _ = fmap_info.ranges.insert(range.start, range_size, fmap);
+            } else {
+                let map = unsafe {
+                    Fmap::new(
+                        self.node_ptr,
+                        flags,
+                        range_size as usize,
+                        range.start,
+                        fmap_info.base,
+                        tx,
+                    )?
+                };
+                //FIXME: Use result?
+                //TODO: Save aligned size for unmap
+                let _ = fmap_info.ranges.insert(range.start, range_size, map);
+            }
+        }
+        //dbg!(&self.fmaps);
+
+        Ok(fmap_info.base as usize + offset as usize)
+    }
+
+    fn funmap(
+        &mut self,
+        fmaps: &mut Fmaps,
+        offset: u64,
+        size: usize,
+        tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let fmap_info = fmaps
+            .get_mut(&self.node_ptr.id())
+            .ok_or(Error::new(EBADFD))?;
+
+        //dbg!(&self.fmaps);
+        //dbg!(self.fmaps.conflicts(offset..offset + size as u64).collect::<Vec<_>>());
+        #[allow(unused_mut)]
+        let mut affected_fmaps = fmap_info.ranges.remove(offset..offset + size as u64);
+
+        for (range, mut fmap) in affected_fmaps {
+            fmap.rc = fmap.rc.checked_sub(1).unwrap();
+
+            //log::info!("SYNCING {}..{}", range.start, range.end);
+            unsafe {
+                fmap.sync(
+                    self.node_ptr,
+                    fmap_info.base,
+                    range.start,
+                    (range.end - range.start) as usize,
+                    tx,
+                )?;
+            }
+
+            //FIXME: Use result?
+            let _ = fmap_info
+                .ranges
+                .insert(range.start, range.end - range.start, fmap);
+        }
+        //dbg!(&self.fmaps);
+
+        // Allow release of node if not in use anymore
+        if !fmap_info.in_use() {
+            // Notify filesystem of close
+            tx.on_close_node(self.node_ptr)?;
+
+            // if this fmap version is outdated it's no use
+            if fmap_info.stale() {
+                let fmap = fmaps
+                    .remove(&self.node_ptr.id())
+                    .expect("fmap_info must exist");
+
+                if let Err(e) = unsafe { libredox::call::munmap(fmap.base as *mut _, fmap.size) } {
+                    log::error!("Munmap error {e}");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn fcntl(&mut self, cmd: usize, arg: usize) -> Result<usize> {
+        match cmd {
+            F_GETFL => Ok(self.flags),
+            F_SETFL => {
+                self.flags = (self.flags & O_ACCMODE) | (arg & !O_ACCMODE);
+                Ok(0)
+            }
+            _ => Err(Error::new(EINVAL)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn path(&self) -> &str {
+        &self.path
+    }
+
+    fn sync(&mut self, fmaps: &mut Fmaps, tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()> {
+        if let Some(fmap_info) = fmaps.get_mut(&self.node_ptr.id()) {
+            for (range, fmap) in fmap_info.ranges.iter_mut() {
+                unsafe {
+                    fmap.sync(
+                        self.node_ptr,
+                        fmap_info.base,
+                        range.start,
+                        (range.end - range.start) as usize,
+                        tx,
+                    )?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn truncate(&mut self, len: u64, tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()> {
+        if self.flags & O_ACCMODE == O_RDWR || self.flags & O_ACCMODE == O_WRONLY {
+            let mtime = SystemTime::now().duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+            tx.truncate_node(self.node_ptr, len, mtime.as_secs(), mtime.subsec_nanos())?;
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::new(EBADF))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn utimens(&mut self, times: &[TimeSpec], tx: &mut Transaction<D>) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut node = tx.read_tree(self.node_ptr)?;
+
+        if node.data().uid() == self.uid || self.uid == 0 {
+            if let &[atime, mtime] = times {
+                let mut node_changed = false;
+
+                let old_mtime = node.data().mtime();
+                let new_mtime = (mtime.tv_sec as u64, mtime.tv_nsec as u32);
+                if old_mtime != new_mtime {
+                    node.data_mut().set_mtime(new_mtime.0, new_mtime.1);
+                    node_changed = true;
+                }
+
+                let old_atime = node.data().atime();
+                let new_atime = (atime.tv_sec as u64, atime.tv_nsec as u32);
+                if old_atime != new_atime {
+                    node.data_mut().set_atime(new_atime.0, new_atime.1);
+                    node_changed = true;
+                }
+
+                if node_changed {
+                    tx.sync_tree(node)?;
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(Error::new(EPERM))
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn getdents<'buf>(
+        &mut self,
+        _buf: DirentBuf<&'buf mut [u8]>,
+        _opaque_offset: u64,
+        _tx: &mut Transaction<D>,
+    ) -> Result<DirentBuf<&'buf mut [u8]>> {
+        Err(Error::new(ENOTDIR))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for FileResource {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        /*
+        if !self.fmaps.is_empty() {
+            eprintln!(
+                "redoxfs: file {} still has {} fmaps!",
+                self.path,
+                self.fmaps.len()
+            );
+        }
+        */
+    }
+}
+
+impl range_tree::Value for Fmap {
+    type K = u64;
+
+    fn try_merge_forward(self, other: &Self) -> core::result::Result<Self, Self> {
+        if self.rc == other.rc && self.flags == other.flags && self.last_page_tail == 0 {
+            Ok(self)
+        } else {
+            Err(self)
+        }
+    }
+    fn try_merge_backwards(self, other: &Self) -> core::result::Result<Self, Self> {
+        if self.rc == other.rc && self.flags == other.flags && other.last_page_tail == 0 {
+            Ok(self)
+        } else {
+            Err(self)
+        }
+    }
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn split(
+        self,
+        prev_range: Option<core::ops::Range<Self::K>>,
+        range: core::ops::Range<Self::K>,
+        next_range: Option<core::ops::Range<Self::K>>,
+    ) -> (Option<Self>, Self, Option<Self>) {
+        (
+            prev_range.map(|_range| Fmap {
+                rc: self.rc,
+                flags: self.flags,
+                last_page_tail: 0,
+                version: self.version,
+            }),
+            Fmap {
+                rc: self.rc,
+                flags: self.flags,
+                last_page_tail: if next_range.is_none() {
+                    self.last_page_tail
+                } else {
+                    0
+                },
+                version: self.version,
+            },
+            next_range.map(|_range| Fmap {
+                rc: self.rc,
+                flags: self.flags,
+                last_page_tail: self.last_page_tail,
+                version: self.version,
+            }),
+        )
+    }
+}

src/mount/stub.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+use std::{io, path::Path};
+
+use crate::{filesystem, Disk};
+
+pub fn mount<D, P, T, F>(
+    mut _filesystem: filesystem::FileSystem<D>,
+    _mountpoint: P,
+    _callback: F,
+) -> io::Result<T>
+where
+    D: Disk,
+    P: AsRef<Path>,
+    F: FnOnce(&Path) -> T,
+{
+    Err(io::Error::new(
+        io::ErrorKind::Unsupported,
+        "FUSE mount feature is disabled",
+    ))
+}

src/node.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,584 @@
+use core::{fmt, mem, ops, slice};
+use endian_num::Le;
+
+use crate::{BlockLevel, BlockList, BlockPtr, BlockTrait, RecordRaw, BLOCK_SIZE, RECORD_LEVEL};
+
+bitflags::bitflags! {
+    pub struct NodeFlags: u32 {
+        const INLINE_DATA = 0x1;
+    }
+}
+
+/// An index into a [`Node`]'s block table.
+pub enum NodeLevel {
+    L0(usize),
+    L1(usize, usize),
+    L2(usize, usize, usize),
+    L3(usize, usize, usize, usize),
+    L4(usize, usize, usize, usize, usize),
+}
+
+impl NodeLevel {
+    // Warning: this uses constant record offsets, make sure to sync with Node
+
+    /// Return the [`NodeLevel`] of the record with the given index.
+    /// - the first 128 are level 0,
+    /// - the next 64*256 are level 1,
+    /// - ...and so on.
+    pub fn new(mut record_offset: u64) -> Option<Self> {
+        // 1 << 8 = 256, this is the number of entries in a BlockList
+        const SHIFT: u64 = 8;
+        const NUM: u64 = 1 << SHIFT;
+        const MASK: u64 = NUM - 1;
+
+        const L0: u64 = 128;
+        if record_offset < L0 {
+            return Some(Self::L0((record_offset & MASK) as usize));
+        } else {
+            record_offset -= L0;
+        }
+
+        const L1: u64 = 64 * NUM;
+        if record_offset < L1 {
+            return Some(Self::L1(
+                ((record_offset >> SHIFT) & MASK) as usize,
+                (record_offset & MASK) as usize,
+            ));
+        } else {
+            record_offset -= L1;
+        }
+
+        const L2: u64 = 32 * NUM * NUM;
+        if record_offset < L2 {
+            return Some(Self::L2(
+                ((record_offset >> (2 * SHIFT)) & MASK) as usize,
+                ((record_offset >> SHIFT) & MASK) as usize,
+                (record_offset & MASK) as usize,
+            ));
+        } else {
+            record_offset -= L2;
+        }
+
+        const L3: u64 = 16 * NUM * NUM * NUM;
+        if record_offset < L3 {
+            return Some(Self::L3(
+                ((record_offset >> (3 * SHIFT)) & MASK) as usize,
+                ((record_offset >> (2 * SHIFT)) & MASK) as usize,
+                ((record_offset >> SHIFT) & MASK) as usize,
+                (record_offset & MASK) as usize,
+            ));
+        } else {
+            record_offset -= L3;
+        }
+
+        const L4: u64 = 12 * NUM * NUM * NUM * NUM;
+        if record_offset < L4 {
+            Some(Self::L4(
+                ((record_offset >> (4 * SHIFT)) & MASK) as usize,
+                ((record_offset >> (3 * SHIFT)) & MASK) as usize,
+                ((record_offset >> (2 * SHIFT)) & MASK) as usize,
+                ((record_offset >> SHIFT) & MASK) as usize,
+                (record_offset & MASK) as usize,
+            ))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+type BlockListL1 = BlockList<RecordRaw>;
+type BlockListL2 = BlockList<BlockListL1>;
+type BlockListL3 = BlockList<BlockListL2>;
+type BlockListL4 = BlockList<BlockListL3>;
+
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct NodeLevelData {
+    /// The first 128 blocks of this file.
+    ///
+    /// Total size: 128 * RECORD_SIZE (16 MiB, 128 KiB each)
+    pub level0: [BlockPtr<RecordRaw>; 128],
+
+    /// The next 64 * 256 blocks of this file,
+    /// stored behind 64 level one tables.
+    ///
+    /// Total size: 64 * 256 * RECORD_SIZE (2 GiB, 32 MiB each)
+    pub level1: [BlockPtr<BlockListL1>; 64],
+
+    /// The next 32 * 256 * 256 blocks of this file,
+    /// stored behind 32 level two tables.
+    /// Each level two table points to 256 level one tables.
+    ///
+    /// Total size: 32 * 256 * 256 * RECORD_SIZE (256 GiB, 8 GiB each)
+    pub level2: [BlockPtr<BlockListL2>; 32],
+
+    /// The next 16 * 256 * 256 * 256 blocks of this file,
+    /// stored behind 16 level three tables.
+    ///
+    /// Total size: 16 * 256 * 256 * 256 * RECORD_SIZE (32 TiB, 2 TiB each)
+    pub level3: [BlockPtr<BlockListL3>; 16],
+
+    /// The next 8 * 256 * 256 * 256 * 256 blocks of this file,
+    /// stored behind 8 level four tables.
+    ///
+    /// Total size: 8 * 256 * 256 * 256 * 256 * RECORD_SIZE (4 PiB, 512 TiB each)
+    pub level4: [BlockPtr<BlockListL4>; 8],
+}
+
+impl Default for NodeLevelData {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            level0: [BlockPtr::default(); 128],
+            level1: [BlockPtr::default(); 64],
+            level2: [BlockPtr::default(); 32],
+            level3: [BlockPtr::default(); 16],
+            level4: [BlockPtr::default(); 8],
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A file/folder node
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct Node {
+    /// This node's type & permissions.
+    /// - four most significant bits are the node's type
+    /// - next four bits are permissions for the node's user
+    /// - next four bits are permissions for the node's group
+    /// - four least significant bits are permissions for everyone else
+    pub mode: Le<u16>,
+
+    /// The uid that owns this file
+    pub uid: Le<u32>,
+
+    /// The gid that owns this file
+    pub gid: Le<u32>,
+
+    /// The number of hard links to this file
+    pub links: Le<u32>,
+
+    /// The length of this file, in bytes
+    pub size: Le<u64>,
+    /// The disk usage of this file, in blocks
+    pub blocks: Le<u64>,
+
+    /// Creation time
+    pub ctime: Le<u64>,
+    pub ctime_nsec: Le<u32>,
+
+    /// Modification time
+    pub mtime: Le<u64>,
+    pub mtime_nsec: Le<u32>,
+
+    /// Access time
+    pub atime: Le<u64>,
+    pub atime_nsec: Le<u32>,
+
+    /// Record level
+    pub record_level: Le<u32>,
+
+    /// Flags
+    pub flags: Le<u32>,
+
+    /// Padding
+    pub padding: [u8; BLOCK_SIZE as usize - 4042],
+
+    /// Level data, should not be used directly so inline data can be supported
+    pub(crate) level_data: NodeLevelData,
+}
+
+unsafe impl BlockTrait for Node {
+    fn empty(level: BlockLevel) -> Option<Self> {
+        if level.0 == 0 {
+            Some(Self::default())
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Node {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            mode: 0.into(),
+            uid: 0.into(),
+            gid: 0.into(),
+            links: 0.into(),
+            size: 0.into(),
+            // This node counts as a block
+            blocks: 1.into(),
+            ctime: 0.into(),
+            ctime_nsec: 0.into(),
+            mtime: 0.into(),
+            mtime_nsec: 0.into(),
+            atime: 0.into(),
+            atime_nsec: 0.into(),
+            record_level: 0.into(),
+            flags: 0.into(),
+            padding: [0; BLOCK_SIZE as usize - 4042],
+            level_data: NodeLevelData::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Node {
+    pub const MODE_TYPE: u16 = 0xF000;
+    pub const MODE_FILE: u16 = 0x8000;
+    pub const MODE_DIR: u16 = 0x4000;
+    pub const MODE_SYMLINK: u16 = 0xA000;
+    pub const MODE_SOCK: u16 = 0xC000;
+
+    /// Mask for node permission bits
+    pub const MODE_PERM: u16 = 0x0FFF;
+    pub const MODE_EXEC: u16 = 0o1;
+    pub const MODE_WRITE: u16 = 0o2;
+    pub const MODE_READ: u16 = 0o4;
+
+    /// Create a new, empty node with the given metadata
+    pub fn new(mode: u16, uid: u32, gid: u32, ctime: u64, ctime_nsec: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            mode: mode.into(),
+            uid: uid.into(),
+            gid: gid.into(),
+            links: 0.into(),
+            ctime: ctime.into(),
+            ctime_nsec: ctime_nsec.into(),
+            mtime: ctime.into(),
+            mtime_nsec: ctime_nsec.into(),
+            atime: ctime.into(),
+            atime_nsec: ctime_nsec.into(),
+            record_level: if mode & Self::MODE_TYPE == Self::MODE_FILE {
+                // Files take on record level
+                RECORD_LEVEL as u32
+            } else {
+                // Folders do not
+                0
+            }
+            .into(),
+            flags: if mode & Self::MODE_TYPE == Self::MODE_DIR {
+                // Directories must not use inline data (until h-tree supports it)
+                NodeFlags::empty()
+            } else {
+                NodeFlags::INLINE_DATA
+            }
+            .bits()
+            .into(),
+            ..Default::default()
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// This node's type & permissions.
+    /// - four most significant bits are the node's type
+    /// - next four bits are permissions for the node's user
+    /// - next four bits are permissions for the node's group
+    /// - four least significant bits are permissions for everyone else
+    pub fn mode(&self) -> u16 {
+        self.mode.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    /// The uid that owns this file
+    pub fn uid(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.uid.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    /// The gid that owns this file
+    pub fn gid(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.gid.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    /// The number of links to this file
+    /// (directory entries, symlinks, etc)
+    pub fn links(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.links.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    /// The length of this file, in bytes.
+    pub fn size(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.size.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    /// The disk usage of this file, in blocks.
+    pub fn blocks(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.blocks.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    pub fn ctime(&self) -> (u64, u32) {
+        (self.ctime.to_ne(), self.ctime_nsec.to_ne())
+    }
+
+    pub fn mtime(&self) -> (u64, u32) {
+        (self.mtime.to_ne(), self.mtime_nsec.to_ne())
+    }
+
+    pub fn atime(&self) -> (u64, u32) {
+        (self.atime.to_ne(), self.atime_nsec.to_ne())
+    }
+
+    pub fn record_level(&self) -> BlockLevel {
+        BlockLevel(self.record_level.to_ne() as usize)
+    }
+
+    pub fn flags(&self) -> NodeFlags {
+        NodeFlags::from_bits_retain(self.flags.to_ne())
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_mode(&mut self, mode: u16) {
+        self.mode = mode.into();
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_uid(&mut self, uid: u32) {
+        self.uid = uid.into();
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_gid(&mut self, gid: u32) {
+        self.gid = gid.into();
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_links(&mut self, links: u32) {
+        self.links = links.into();
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_size(&mut self, size: u64) {
+        self.size = size.into();
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_blocks(&mut self, blocks: u64) {
+        self.blocks = blocks.into();
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_mtime(&mut self, mtime: u64, mtime_nsec: u32) {
+        self.mtime = mtime.into();
+        self.mtime_nsec = mtime_nsec.into();
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_atime(&mut self, atime: u64, atime_nsec: u32) {
+        self.atime = atime.into();
+        self.atime_nsec = atime_nsec.into();
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_flags(&mut self, flags: NodeFlags) {
+        self.flags = flags.bits().into();
+    }
+
+    pub fn has_inline_data(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flags().contains(NodeFlags::INLINE_DATA)
+    }
+
+    pub fn inline_data(&self) -> Option<&[u8]> {
+        if self.has_inline_data() {
+            Some(unsafe {
+                slice::from_raw_parts(
+                    &self.level_data as *const NodeLevelData as *const u8,
+                    mem::size_of::<NodeLevelData>(),
+                )
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn inline_data_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut [u8]> {
+        if self.has_inline_data() {
+            Some(unsafe {
+                slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
+                    &mut self.level_data as *mut NodeLevelData as *mut u8,
+                    mem::size_of::<NodeLevelData>(),
+                )
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn level_data(&self) -> Option<&NodeLevelData> {
+        if !self.has_inline_data() {
+            Some(&self.level_data)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn level_data_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut NodeLevelData> {
+        if !self.has_inline_data() {
+            Some(&mut self.level_data)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool {
+        self.mode() & Self::MODE_TYPE == Self::MODE_DIR
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_file(&self) -> bool {
+        self.mode() & Self::MODE_TYPE == Self::MODE_FILE
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_symlink(&self) -> bool {
+        self.mode() & Self::MODE_TYPE == Self::MODE_SYMLINK
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_sock(&self) -> bool {
+        self.mode() & Self::MODE_SOCK == Self::MODE_SOCK
+    }
+
+    /// Tests if UID is the owner of that file, only true when uid=0 or when the UID stored in metadata is equal to the UID you supply
+    pub fn owner(&self, uid: u32) -> bool {
+        uid == 0 || self.uid() == uid
+    }
+
+    /// Tests if the current user has enough permissions to view the file, op is the operation,
+    /// like read and write, these modes are MODE_EXEC, MODE_READ, and MODE_WRITE
+    pub fn permission(&self, uid: u32, gid: u32, op: u16) -> bool {
+        let mut perm = self.mode() & 0o7;
+        if self.uid() == uid {
+            // If self.mode is 101100110, >> 6 would be 000000101
+            // 0o7 is octal for 111, or, when expanded to 9 digits is 000000111
+            perm |= (self.mode() >> 6) & 0o7;
+            // Since we erased the GID and OTHER bits when >>6'ing, |= will keep those bits in place.
+        }
+        if self.gid() == gid || gid == 0 {
+            perm |= (self.mode() >> 3) & 0o7;
+        }
+        if uid == 0 {
+            //set the `other` bits to 111
+            perm |= 0o7;
+        }
+        perm & op == op
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Node {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        let mode = self.mode;
+        let uid = self.uid;
+        let gid = self.gid;
+        let links = self.links;
+        let size = self.size;
+        let blocks = self.blocks;
+        let ctime = self.ctime;
+        let ctime_nsec = self.ctime_nsec;
+        let mtime = self.mtime;
+        let mtime_nsec = self.mtime_nsec;
+        let atime = self.atime;
+        let atime_nsec = self.atime_nsec;
+        f.debug_struct("Node")
+            .field("mode", &mode)
+            .field("uid", &uid)
+            .field("gid", &gid)
+            .field("links", &links)
+            .field("size", &size)
+            .field("blocks", &blocks)
+            .field("ctime", &ctime)
+            .field("ctime_nsec", &ctime_nsec)
+            .field("mtime", &mtime)
+            .field("mtime_nsec", &mtime_nsec)
+            .field("atime", &atime)
+            .field("atime_nsec", &atime_nsec)
+            //TODO: level0/1/2/3
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Deref for Node {
+    type Target = [u8];
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts(self as *const Node as *const u8, mem::size_of::<Node>())
+                as &[u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::DerefMut for Node {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self as *mut Node as *mut u8, mem::size_of::<Node>())
+                as &mut [u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn node_size_test() {
+    assert_eq!(mem::size_of::<Node>(), crate::BLOCK_SIZE as usize);
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn node_inline_data_test() {
+    let mut node = Node::default();
+    assert!(!node.has_inline_data());
+    assert!(node.inline_data().is_none());
+    assert!(node.inline_data_mut().is_none());
+    assert!(node.level_data().is_some());
+    assert!(node.level_data_mut().is_some());
+
+    node.set_flags(NodeFlags::INLINE_DATA);
+    assert!(node.has_inline_data());
+    assert!(node.level_data().is_none());
+    assert!(node.level_data_mut().is_none());
+
+    let node_addr = &node as *const Node as usize;
+    let meta_size = 128;
+    {
+        let inline_data = node.inline_data().unwrap();
+        let inline_data_addr = inline_data.as_ptr() as usize;
+        assert_eq!(node_addr + meta_size, inline_data_addr);
+        assert_eq!(inline_data.len(), (crate::BLOCK_SIZE as usize) - meta_size);
+    }
+    {
+        let inline_data = node.inline_data_mut().unwrap();
+        let inline_data_addr = inline_data.as_ptr() as usize;
+        assert_eq!(node_addr + meta_size, inline_data_addr);
+        assert_eq!(inline_data.len(), (crate::BLOCK_SIZE as usize) - meta_size);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(kani)]
+#[kani::proof]
+fn check_node_level() {
+    let offset = kani::any();
+    NodeLevel::new(offset);
+}
+
+#[cfg(kani)]
+#[kani::proof]
+fn check_node_perms() {
+    let mode = 0o750;
+
+    let uid = kani::any();
+    let gid = kani::any();
+
+    let ctime = kani::any();
+    let ctime_nsec = kani::any();
+
+    let node = Node::new(mode, uid, gid, ctime, ctime_nsec);
+
+    let root_uid = 0;
+    let root_gid = 0;
+
+    let other_uid = kani::any();
+    kani::assume(other_uid != uid);
+    kani::assume(other_uid != root_uid);
+    let other_gid = kani::any();
+    kani::assume(other_gid != gid);
+    kani::assume(other_gid != root_gid);
+
+    assert!(node.owner(uid));
+    assert!(node.permission(uid, gid, 0o7));
+    assert!(node.permission(uid, gid, 0o5));
+    assert!(node.permission(uid, other_gid, 0o7));
+    assert!(node.permission(uid, other_gid, 0o5));
+    assert!(!node.permission(other_uid, gid, 0o7));
+    assert!(node.permission(other_uid, gid, 0o5));
+
+    assert!(node.owner(root_uid));
+    assert!(node.permission(root_uid, root_gid, 0o7));
+    assert!(node.permission(root_uid, root_gid, 0o5));
+    assert!(node.permission(root_uid, other_gid, 0o7));
+    assert!(node.permission(root_uid, other_gid, 0o5));
+    assert!(!node.permission(other_uid, root_gid, 0o7));
+    assert!(node.permission(other_uid, root_gid, 0o5));
+
+    assert!(!node.owner(other_uid));
+    assert!(!node.permission(other_uid, other_gid, 0o7));
+    assert!(!node.permission(other_uid, other_gid, 0o5));
+}

src/record.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec};
+use core::ops;
+
+use crate::{BlockLevel, BlockTrait, RECORD_LEVEL};
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct RecordRaw(pub(crate) Vec<u8>);
+
+unsafe impl BlockTrait for RecordRaw {
+    fn empty(level: BlockLevel) -> Option<Self> {
+        if level.0 <= RECORD_LEVEL {
+            Some(Self(vec![0; level.bytes() as usize]))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::Deref for RecordRaw {
+    type Target = [u8];
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl ops::DerefMut for RecordRaw {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        &mut self.0
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn record_raw_size_test() {
+    for level_i in 0..RECORD_LEVEL {
+        let level = BlockLevel(level_i);
+        assert_eq!(
+            RecordRaw::empty(level).unwrap().len(),
+            level.bytes() as usize
+        );
+    }
+}

src/tree.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+use core::{marker::PhantomData, mem, ops, slice};
+use endian_num::Le;
+
+use crate::{BlockLevel, BlockPtr, BlockRaw, BlockTrait};
+
+// 1 << 8 = 256, this is the number of entries in a TreeList
+const TREE_LIST_SHIFT: u32 = 8;
+const TREE_LIST_ENTRIES: usize = (1 << TREE_LIST_SHIFT) - 2;
+
+/// A tree with 4 levels
+pub type Tree = TreeList<TreeList<TreeList<TreeList<BlockRaw>>>>;
+
+/// A [`TreePtr`] and the contents of the block it references.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default)]
+pub struct TreeData<T> {
+    /// The value of the [`TreePtr`]
+    id: u32,
+
+    // The data
+    data: T,
+}
+
+impl<T> TreeData<T> {
+    pub fn new(id: u32, data: T) -> Self {
+        Self { id, data }
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.id
+    }
+
+    pub fn data(&self) -> &T {
+        &self.data
+    }
+
+    pub fn data_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
+        &mut self.data
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_data(self) -> T {
+        self.data
+    }
+
+    pub fn ptr(&self) -> TreePtr<T> {
+        TreePtr {
+            id: self.id.into(),
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A list of pointers to blocks of type `T`.
+/// This is one level of a [`Tree`], defined above.
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct TreeList<T> {
+    pub ptrs: [BlockPtr<T>; TREE_LIST_ENTRIES],
+    pub full_flags: [u128; 2],
+}
+
+impl<T> TreeList<T> {
+    pub fn tree_list_is_full(&self) -> bool {
+        self.full_flags[1] == u128::MAX & !(3 << 126) && self.full_flags[0] == u128::MAX
+    }
+
+    pub fn tree_list_is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        for ptr in self.ptrs.iter() {
+            if !ptr.is_null() {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        true
+    }
+
+    pub fn branch_is_full(&self, index: usize) -> bool {
+        assert!(index < TREE_LIST_ENTRIES);
+        let shift = index % 128;
+        let full_flags_index = index / 128;
+        self.full_flags[full_flags_index] & (1 << shift) != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_branch_full(&mut self, index: usize, full: bool) {
+        assert!(index < TREE_LIST_ENTRIES);
+        let shift = index % 128;
+        let full_flags_index = index / 128;
+
+        if full {
+            self.full_flags[full_flags_index] |= 1 << shift;
+        } else {
+            self.full_flags[full_flags_index] &= !(1 << shift);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl<T> BlockTrait for TreeList<T> {
+    fn empty(level: BlockLevel) -> Option<Self> {
+        if level.0 == 0 {
+            Some(Self {
+                ptrs: [BlockPtr::default(); TREE_LIST_ENTRIES],
+                full_flags: [0; 2],
+            })
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> ops::Deref for TreeList<T> {
+    type Target = [u8];
+    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts(
+                self as *const TreeList<T> as *const u8,
+                mem::size_of::<TreeList<T>>(),
+            ) as &[u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> ops::DerefMut for TreeList<T> {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+        unsafe {
+            slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
+                self as *mut TreeList<T> as *mut u8,
+                mem::size_of::<TreeList<T>>(),
+            ) as &mut [u8]
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// A pointer to an entry in a [`Tree`].
+#[repr(C, packed)]
+pub struct TreePtr<T> {
+    id: Le<u32>,
+    phantom: PhantomData<T>,
+}
+
+impl<T> TreePtr<T> {
+    /// Get a [`TreePtr`] to the filesystem root
+    /// directory's node.
+    pub fn root() -> Self {
+        Self::new(1)
+    }
+
+    pub fn new(id: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: id.into(),
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create a [`TreePtr`] from [`Tree`] indices,
+    /// Where `indexes` is `(i3, i2, i1, i0)`.
+    /// - `i3` is the index into the level 3 table,
+    /// - `i2` is the index into the level 2 table at `i3`
+    /// - ...and so on.
+    pub fn from_indexes(indexes: (usize, usize, usize, usize)) -> Self {
+        const SHIFT: u32 = TREE_LIST_SHIFT;
+        let id = ((indexes.0 << (3 * SHIFT)) as u32)
+            | ((indexes.1 << (2 * SHIFT)) as u32)
+            | ((indexes.2 << SHIFT) as u32)
+            | (indexes.3 as u32);
+        Self {
+            id: id.into(),
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn id(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.id.to_ne()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_null(&self) -> bool {
+        self.id() == 0
+    }
+
+    /// Get this indices of this [`TreePtr`] in a [`Tree`].
+    /// Returns `(i3, i2, i1, i0)`:
+    /// - `i3` is the index into the level 3 table,
+    /// - `i2` is the index into the level 2 table at `i3`
+    /// - ...and so on.
+    pub fn indexes(&self) -> (usize, usize, usize, usize) {
+        const SHIFT: u32 = TREE_LIST_SHIFT;
+        const NUM: u32 = 1 << SHIFT;
+        const MASK: u32 = NUM - 1;
+        let id = self.id();
+
+        let i3 = ((id >> (3 * SHIFT)) & MASK) as usize;
+        let i2 = ((id >> (2 * SHIFT)) & MASK) as usize;
+        let i1 = ((id >> SHIFT) & MASK) as usize;
+        let i0 = (id & MASK) as usize;
+
+        (i3, i2, i1, i0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn to_bytes(&self) -> [u8; 4] {
+        self.id.to_le_bytes()
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_bytes(bytes: [u8; 4]) -> Self {
+        let val = u32::from_le_bytes(bytes);
+        Self {
+            id: Le(val),
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Clone for TreePtr<T> {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        *self
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T> Copy for TreePtr<T> {}
+
+impl<T> Default for TreePtr<T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: 0.into(),
+            phantom: PhantomData,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use crate::{BlockAddr, BlockData, BlockMeta};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_list_size_test() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            mem::size_of::<TreeList<BlockRaw>>(),
+            crate::BLOCK_SIZE as usize
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_list_is_full_test() {
+        let mut tree_list = TreeList::<BlockRaw>::empty(BlockLevel::default()).unwrap();
+        assert!(!tree_list.tree_list_is_full());
+
+        for i in 0..TREE_LIST_ENTRIES {
+            assert!(!tree_list.branch_is_full(i));
+            tree_list.set_branch_full(i, true);
+            assert!(tree_list.branch_is_full(i));
+        }
+
+        assert!(tree_list.tree_list_is_full());
+
+        for i in 0..TREE_LIST_ENTRIES {
+            assert!(tree_list.branch_is_full(i));
+            tree_list.set_branch_full(i, false);
+            assert!(!tree_list.branch_is_full(i));
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn mock_block(addr: u64) -> BlockPtr<BlockRaw> {
+        let block_addr = unsafe { BlockAddr::new(addr, BlockMeta::default()) };
+        BlockData::empty(block_addr).unwrap().create_ptr()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_list_is_empty() {
+        let mut tree_list = TreeList::<BlockRaw>::empty(BlockLevel::default()).unwrap();
+        assert!(tree_list.tree_list_is_empty());
+
+        tree_list.ptrs[3] = mock_block(123);
+        assert!(!tree_list.tree_list_is_empty());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tree_ptr_to_and_from_bytes() {
+        let ptr: TreePtr<BlockRaw> = TreePtr::new(123456);
+        let bytes = ptr.to_bytes();
+        let ptr2: TreePtr<BlockRaw> = TreePtr::from_bytes(bytes);
+        assert_eq!(ptr.id(), ptr2.id());
+    }
+}

src/unmount.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+use std::{
+    fs,
+    io::{self},
+    process::{Command, ExitStatus},
+};
+
+fn unmount_linux_path(mount_path: &str) -> io::Result<ExitStatus> {
+    // Different distributions can have various fusermount binaries. Try
+    // them all.
+    let commands = ["fusermount", "fusermount3"];
+
+    for command in commands {
+        let status = Command::new(command).arg("-u").arg(mount_path).status();
+        if status.is_ok() {
+            return status;
+        }
+        if let Err(ref e) = status {
+            if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::NotFound {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Unmounting failed since no suitable command was found
+    Err(std::io::Error::new(
+        io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
+        format!(
+            "Unable to locate any fusermount binaries. Tried {:?}. Is fuse installed?",
+            commands
+        ),
+    ))
+}
+
+pub fn unmount_path(mount_path: &str) -> Result<(), io::Error> {
+    if cfg!(target_os = "redox") {
+        fs::remove_dir(format!("/scheme/{}", mount_path))?
+    } else {
+        let status_res = if cfg!(target_os = "linux") {
+            unmount_linux_path(mount_path)
+        } else {
+            Command::new("umount").arg(mount_path).status()
+        };
+
+        let status = status_res?;
+        if !status.success() {
+            return Err(io::Error::other("redoxfs umount failed"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

test.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+CARGO_ARGS=(--release)
+TARGET=target/release
+export RUST_BACKTRACE=full
+export RUST_LOG=info
+
+function cleanup {
+    sync
+    fusermount -u image || true
+    fusermount3 -u image || true
+}
+
+trap 'cleanup' ERR
+
+set -eEx
+
+cleanup
+
+redoxer test -- --lib -- --nocapture
+cargo test --lib --no-default-features -- --nocapture
+cargo test --lib -- --nocapture
+cargo build "${CARGO_ARGS[@]}"
+
+rm -f image.bin
+fallocate -l 1G image.bin
+time "${TARGET}/redoxfs-mkfs" image.bin
+
+mkdir -p image
+"${TARGET}/redoxfs" image.bin image
+
+df -h image
+ls -lah image
+
+mkdir image/test
+time cp -r src image/test/src
+
+dd if=/dev/urandom of=image/test/random bs=1M count=256
+dd if=image/test/random of=/dev/null bs=1M count=256
+
+time truncate --size=256M image/test/sparse
+dd if=image/test/sparse of=/dev/null bs=1M count=256
+
+dd if=/dev/zero of=image/test/zero bs=1M count=256
+dd if=image/test/zero of=/dev/null bs=1M count=256
+
+ls -lah image/test
+
+df -h image
+
+rm image/test/random
+rm image/test/sparse
+rm image/test/zero
+rm -rf image/test/src
+rmdir image/test
+
+df -h image
+ls -lah image
+
+cleanup
+
+"${TARGET}/redoxfs" image.bin image
+
+df -h image
+ls -lah image
+
+cleanup

tests/tests.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,639 @@
+use core::panic::AssertUnwindSafe;
+use redoxfs::{unmount_path, DirEntry, DiskMemory, DiskSparse, FileSystem, Node, TreePtr};
+
+use std::io::{Read, Seek, SeekFrom, Write};
+use std::panic::catch_unwind;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::process::Command;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicUsize;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed;
+use std::thread::sleep;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use std::{env, fs, time};
+
+static IMAGE_SEQ: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
+
+fn with_redoxfs<T, F>(callback: F) -> T
+where
+    T: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    F: FnOnce(&str) -> T + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    let disk_path = format!("image{}.bin", IMAGE_SEQ.fetch_add(1, Relaxed));
+
+    {
+        let disk = DiskSparse::create(dbg!(&disk_path), 1024 * 1024 * 1024).unwrap();
+        let ctime = dbg!(time::SystemTime::now().duration_since(time::UNIX_EPOCH)).unwrap();
+        FileSystem::create(disk, None, ctime.as_secs(), ctime.subsec_nanos()).unwrap();
+    }
+    let res = callback(&disk_path);
+
+    dbg!(fs::remove_file(dbg!(disk_path))).unwrap();
+
+    res
+}
+
+fn with_mounted<T, F>(callback: F) -> T
+where
+    T: Send + Sync + 'static,
+    F: FnOnce(&Path) -> T + Send + Sync + 'static,
+{
+    let mount_path_o = format!("image{}", IMAGE_SEQ.fetch_add(1, Relaxed));
+    let mount_path = mount_path_o.clone();
+
+    let res = with_redoxfs(move |fs| {
+        // At redox, we mount on /scheme/ path, no need an empty dir
+        if cfg!(not(target_os = "redox")) {
+            if !Path::new(&mount_path).exists() {
+                dbg!(fs::create_dir(dbg!(&mount_path))).unwrap();
+            }
+        } else {
+            //FIXME: cargo_bin is broken when cross compiling. This is redoxer specific workaround
+            env::set_var(
+                "CARGO_BIN_EXE_redoxfs",
+                "/root/target/x86_64-unknown-redox/debug/redoxfs",
+            );
+        }
+        let mut mount_cmd = Command::new(assert_cmd::cargo_bin!("redoxfs"));
+        mount_cmd.arg("-d").arg(dbg!(&fs)).arg(dbg!(&mount_path));
+        let mut child = mount_cmd.spawn().expect("mount failed to run");
+
+        let real_path = if cfg!(target_os = "redox") {
+            let real_path = dbg!(Path::new("/scheme").join(&mount_path));
+            let mut tries = 0;
+            loop {
+                if real_path.exists() {
+                    break;
+                }
+                tries += 1;
+                if tries == 10 {
+                    panic!("Fail to wait for mount")
+                }
+                println!("{tries}");
+                sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
+            }
+            real_path
+        } else {
+            sleep(Duration::from_millis(200));
+            let r = Path::new(".").join(&mount_path);
+            r
+        };
+
+        let res = catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(|| callback(&real_path)));
+
+        sleep(Duration::from_millis(200));
+
+        child.kill().expect("Can't kill");
+        let _ = child.wait();
+
+        if cfg!(target_os = "redox") {
+            unmount_path(&mount_path).unwrap();
+        } else {
+            if !dbg!(Command::new("sync").status()).unwrap().success() {
+                panic!("sync failed");
+            }
+
+            if unmount_path(&mount_path).is_err() {
+                // There seems to be a race condition where the device can be busy when trying to unmount.
+                // So, we pause for a moment and retry. There will still be an error output to the logs
+                // for the first failed attempt.
+                sleep(Duration::from_millis(200));
+                if unmount_path(&mount_path).is_err() {
+                    panic!("umount failed");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        res.expect("Test failed")
+    });
+
+    if cfg!(not(target_os = "redox")) {
+        dbg!(fs::remove_dir(dbg!(mount_path_o))).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    res
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn simple() {
+    with_mounted(|path| {
+        dbg!(fs::create_dir(path.join("test"))).unwrap();
+    })
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn create_and_remove_file() {
+    with_mounted(|path| {
+        let file_name = "test_file.txt";
+        let file_path = path.join(file_name);
+
+        // Create the file
+        fs::write(&file_path, "Hello, world!").unwrap();
+        assert!(fs::exists(&file_path).unwrap());
+
+        // Read the file
+        let contents = fs::read_to_string(&file_path).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(contents, "Hello, world!");
+
+        // Remove the file
+        fs::remove_file(&file_path).unwrap();
+        assert!(!fs::exists(&file_path).unwrap());
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn create_and_remove_directory() {
+    with_mounted(|path| {
+        let dir_name = "test_dir";
+        let dir_path = path.join(dir_name);
+
+        // Create the directory
+        fs::create_dir(&dir_path)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|_| panic!("cannot create dir {}", &dir_path.display()));
+        assert!(fs::exists(&dir_path).unwrap());
+
+        // Check that the directory is empty
+        let entries: Vec<_> = fs::read_dir(&dir_path)
+            .unwrap()
+            .map(|e| e.unwrap().file_name())
+            .collect();
+        assert!(entries.is_empty());
+
+        // Add a file to the directory
+        let file_name = "test_file.txt";
+        let file_path = dir_path.join(file_name);
+        fs::write(&file_path, "Hello, world!").unwrap();
+
+        // Check that the dir cannot be removed when not empty
+        let error = fs::remove_dir(&dir_path);
+        assert!(error.is_err());
+        assert_eq!(
+            error.unwrap_err().kind(),
+            std::io::ErrorKind::DirectoryNotEmpty
+        );
+
+        // Remove the file
+        fs::remove_file(&file_path).unwrap();
+
+        // Remove the directory
+        fs::remove_dir(&dir_path).unwrap();
+        assert!(!fs::exists(&dir_path).unwrap());
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn create_and_remove_symlink() {
+    with_mounted(|path| {
+        let real_file = "real_file.txt";
+        let real_path = path.join(real_file);
+        let symlink_file = "symlink_to_real_file.txt";
+        let symlink_path = path.join(symlink_file);
+
+        // Create the real file
+        fs::write(&real_path, "Hello, world!").unwrap();
+
+        // Create the symmlink according to the platform
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        std::os::unix::fs::symlink(real_file, &symlink_path).unwrap();
+
+        #[cfg(windows)]
+        std::os::windows::fs::symlink_file(&real_file, &symlink_path).unwrap();
+
+        // Check that the symlink exists and points to the correct target
+        let exists = fs::exists(&symlink_path);
+        assert!(
+            exists.is_ok() && exists.unwrap(),
+            "Symlink should exist but was: {:?}",
+            fs::exists(&symlink_path)
+        );
+        let symlink_metadata = fs::symlink_metadata(&symlink_path).unwrap();
+        assert!(symlink_metadata.file_type().is_symlink());
+        let target = fs::read_link(&symlink_path).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(target.to_str().unwrap(), real_file);
+        assert_eq!(fs::read(&symlink_path).unwrap(), b"Hello, world!");
+
+        // Confirm the symlink cannot be removed as a directory
+        let error = fs::remove_dir(&symlink_path);
+        assert!(error.is_err());
+        assert_eq!(error.unwrap_err().kind(), std::io::ErrorKind::NotADirectory);
+
+        // Remove the symlink
+        fs::remove_file(&symlink_path).unwrap();
+        assert!(!fs::exists(&symlink_path).unwrap());
+    });
+}
+
+#[cfg(target_os = "redox")]
+#[test]
+fn mmap() {
+    //TODO
+    with_mounted(|path| {
+        use std::slice;
+
+        let path = dbg!(path.join("test"));
+
+        let mmap_inner = |write: bool| {
+            let fd = dbg!(libredox::call::open(
+                path.to_str().unwrap(),
+                libredox::flag::O_CREAT | libredox::flag::O_RDWR | libredox::flag::O_CLOEXEC,
+                0,
+            ))
+            .unwrap();
+
+            let map = unsafe {
+                slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
+                    dbg!(libredox::call::mmap(libredox::call::MmapArgs {
+                        fd,
+                        offset: 0,
+                        length: 128,
+                        prot: libredox::flag::PROT_READ | libredox::flag::PROT_WRITE,
+                        flags: libredox::flag::MAP_SHARED,
+                        addr: core::ptr::null_mut(),
+                    }))
+                    .unwrap() as *mut u8,
+                    128,
+                )
+            };
+
+            // Maps should be available after closing
+            assert_eq!(dbg!(libredox::call::close(fd)), Ok(()));
+
+            for i in 0..128 {
+                if write {
+                    map[i as usize] = i;
+                }
+                assert_eq!(map[i as usize], i);
+            }
+
+            //TODO: add msync
+            unsafe {
+                assert_eq!(
+                    dbg!(libredox::call::munmap(map.as_mut_ptr().cast(), map.len())),
+                    Ok(())
+                );
+            }
+        };
+
+        mmap_inner(true);
+        mmap_inner(false);
+    })
+}
+
+// TODO: When increasing the total_count to 8000, the Allocator's deallocate() function surfaces as "slow" according to flamegraph. This
+// appears to be the result of bulk deleting in this test, but I would bet that any filesystem that has lived for a long time would
+// start to see degraded performance due to this.
+#[test]
+fn many_create_write_list_find_read_delete() {
+    let disk = DiskMemory::new(1024 * 1024 * 1024);
+    let ctime = time::SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(time::UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .unwrap();
+    let mut fs = FileSystem::create(disk, None, ctime.as_secs(), ctime.subsec_nanos()).unwrap();
+    let tree_ptr = TreePtr::<Node>::root();
+    let total_count = 3000;
+
+    // Create a bunch of files
+    for i in 0..total_count {
+        let result = fs.tx(|tx| {
+            tx.create_node(
+                tree_ptr,
+                &format!("file{i:05}"),
+                Node::MODE_FILE | 0o644,
+                1,
+                0,
+            )
+        });
+        if result.is_err() {
+            println!("Failure on create iteration {i}");
+        }
+
+        let file_node = result.unwrap();
+        let result = fs.tx(|tx| {
+            tx.write_node(
+                file_node.ptr(),
+                0,
+                format!("Hello World! #{i}").as_bytes(),
+                ctime.as_secs(),
+                ctime.subsec_nanos(),
+            )
+        });
+        if result.is_err() {
+            println!("Failure on write iteration {i}");
+        }
+        assert!(result.unwrap() > 0)
+    }
+
+    // Confirm that they can be listed
+    {
+        let mut children = Vec::<DirEntry>::with_capacity(total_count);
+        fs.tx(|tx| tx.child_nodes(tree_ptr, &mut children)).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(
+            children.len(),
+            total_count,
+            "The list of children should match the number of files created."
+        );
+        let mut children: Vec<String> = children
+            .iter()
+            .map(|entry| entry.name().unwrap_or_default().to_string())
+            .collect();
+        children.sort();
+
+        for i in 0..total_count {
+            let expected = format!("file{i:05}");
+            let idx = children.binary_search(&expected);
+            assert!(idx.is_ok(), "Children did not contain '{}'", expected);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Find and read the files
+    for i in 0..total_count {
+        let result = fs.tx(|tx| tx.find_node(tree_ptr, &format!("file{i:05}")));
+        if result.is_err() {
+            println!("Failure on find node iteration {i}");
+        }
+
+        let file_node = result.unwrap();
+        let offset = 0;
+        let mut buf = [0_u8; 32];
+        let result = fs.tx(|tx| {
+            tx.read_node(
+                file_node.ptr(),
+                offset,
+                &mut buf,
+                ctime.as_secs(),
+                ctime.subsec_nanos(),
+            )
+        });
+        if result.is_err() {
+            println!("Failure on read iteration {i}");
+        }
+        let size = result.unwrap();
+        let body = std::str::from_utf8(&buf[..size]).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(body, format!("Hello World! #{i}"));
+    }
+
+    // Delete all the files
+    for i in 0..total_count {
+        let file_name = format!("file{i:05}");
+        if let Err(e) = fs.tx(|tx| tx.remove_node(tree_ptr, &file_name, Node::MODE_FILE)) {
+            println!("Failure on delete iteration {i}");
+            panic!("{e}");
+        }
+
+        let result = fs.tx(|tx| tx.find_node(tree_ptr, &file_name));
+        if result.is_ok() || result.unwrap_err().errno != syscall::error::ENOENT {
+            println!("Failure on delete verification iteration {i}");
+            panic!("Deletion appears to have failed");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn many_write_read_delete_mounted() {
+    with_mounted(|path| {
+        let total_count = 500;
+
+        for i in 0..total_count {
+            fs::write(
+                path.join(format!("file{}", i)),
+                format!("Hello, number {i}!"),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        }
+
+        // Confirm each of the created files can be found and read
+        for i in 0..total_count {
+            let contents = fs::read_to_string(path.join(format!("file{}", i))).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(contents, format!("Hello, number {i}!"));
+        }
+
+        // Remove all the files
+        for i in 0..total_count {
+            let file_path = path.join(format!("file{i}"));
+            assert!(fs::exists(&file_path).unwrap());
+            fs::remove_file(&file_path).unwrap();
+            assert!(!fs::exists(&file_path).unwrap());
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rename_no_replace() {
+    let disk = DiskMemory::new(1024 * 1024 * 1024);
+    let mut fs = FileSystem::create(disk, None, 0, 0)
+        .expect("Creating in memory file system should succeed");
+
+    let root = TreePtr::root();
+    let dir = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.create_node(root, "dir", Node::MODE_DIR, 0, 0))
+        .expect("Creating a directory should succeed");
+    let source_file = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.create_node(root, "source", Node::MODE_FILE, 0, 0))
+        .expect("Creating source file to copy should succeed");
+    let no_clobber_file = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.create_node(root, "no_clobber", Node::MODE_FILE, 0, 0))
+        .expect("Creating second file to not clobber should succeed");
+
+    // Rename /source to /target
+    fs.tx(|tx| tx.rename_node_no_replace(root, "source", root, "target"))
+        .expect("Renaming existing 'source' to non-existing 'target' should succeed");
+    let target_file = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.find_node(root, "target"))
+        .expect("'target' should exist because we just renamed 'source' to 'target'");
+    assert_eq!(
+        source_file.id(),
+        target_file.id(),
+        "source and target are most definitely the same file"
+    );
+
+    // Don't rename /target to /no_clobber
+    let err = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.rename_node_no_replace(root, "target", root, "no_clobber"))
+        .expect_err("Renaming 'target' to existing 'no_clobber' should fail");
+    assert_eq!(
+        syscall::EEXIST,
+        err.errno,
+        "Renaming to existing file should fail with EEXIST"
+    );
+    assert_ne!(
+        no_clobber_file.id(),
+        target_file.id(),
+        "'target' and 'no_clobber' should be distinct files"
+    );
+
+    // Don't rename /target to /dir
+    let err = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.rename_node_no_replace(root, "target", root, "dir"))
+        .expect_err("Renaming 'target' to existing directory 'dir' should fail");
+    assert_eq!(
+        syscall::EEXIST,
+        err.errno,
+        "Renaming to existing file should fail with EEXIST"
+    );
+    assert_ne!(
+        dir.id(),
+        target_file.id(),
+        "'target' and 'dir' should be distinct nodes"
+    );
+
+    // Don't rename /dir to /target
+    let err = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.rename_node_no_replace(root, "dir", root, "target"))
+        .expect_err("Renaming 'dir' to existing file 'target' should fail");
+    assert_eq!(
+        syscall::EEXIST,
+        err.errno,
+        "Renaming to existing file should fail with EEXIST"
+    );
+    assert_ne!(
+        target_file.id(),
+        dir.id(),
+        "'dir' and 'target' should be distinct nodes"
+    );
+
+    // Don't rename /target to /target
+    let err = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.rename_node_no_replace(root, "target", root, "target"))
+        .expect_err("Renaming 'target' to itself should fail");
+    assert_eq!(
+        syscall::EEXIST,
+        err.errno,
+        "Renaming file to itself should fail with EEXIST"
+    );
+
+    // Rename /target to /dir/target
+    fs.tx(|tx| tx.rename_node_no_replace(root, "target", dir.ptr(), "target"))
+        .expect("Renaming /target to /dir/target should succeed");
+    let moved_target = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.find_node(dir.ptr(), "target"))
+        .expect("'target' should have moved to /dir/target");
+    assert_eq!(target_file.id(), moved_target.id());
+
+    // Rename /dir to /newdir
+    fs.tx(|tx| tx.rename_node_no_replace(root, "dir", root, "newdir"))
+        .expect("Renaming 'dir' to 'newdir' should succeed");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rename_works() {
+    let disk = DiskMemory::new(1024 * 1024 * 1024);
+    let mut fs = FileSystem::create(disk, None, 0, 0)
+        .expect("Creating in memory file system should succeed");
+
+    let root = TreePtr::root();
+    let dir = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.create_node(root, "dir", Node::MODE_DIR, 0, 0))
+        .expect("Creating a directory should succeed");
+    let source_file = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.create_node(root, "source", Node::MODE_FILE, 0, 0))
+        .expect("Creating source file should succeed");
+    let target_file_orig = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.create_node(root, "target", Node::MODE_FILE, 0, 0))
+        .expect("Creating target file should succeed");
+
+    // Rename /source to /source2
+    fs.tx(|tx| tx.rename_node(root, "source", root, "source2"))
+        .expect("Renaming existing 'source' to non-existing 'source2' should succeed");
+    let source2_file = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.find_node(root, "source2"))
+        .expect("'source2' should exist because we just renamed 'source' to 'source2'");
+    assert_eq!(source_file.id(), source2_file.id());
+    let err = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.find_node(root, "source"))
+        .expect_err("'source' should not exist because it was moved");
+    assert_eq!(syscall::ENOENT, err.errno);
+
+    // Rename /source2 to /target
+    fs.tx(|tx| tx.rename_node(root, "source2", root, "target"))
+        .expect("Renaming existing 'source2' to existing 'target' should succeed");
+    let target_file_mv = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.find_node(root, "target"))
+        .expect("'target' should exist because the rename succeeded");
+    assert_ne!(
+        target_file_orig.id(),
+        target_file_mv.id(),
+        "Move failed because 'target' is still the same"
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        source2_file.id(),
+        target_file_mv.id(),
+        "Move failed because 'source2' != 'target'"
+    );
+
+    // Don't rename /target to /dir
+    // XXX: A similar test fails on Linux using rename(). Not sure if the discrepancy matters.
+    // let err = fs
+    //     .tx(|tx| tx.rename_node(root, "target", root, "dir"))
+    //     .expect_err("Renaming 'target' to existing directory 'dir' should fail");
+    // assert_eq!(
+    //     syscall::EEXIST,
+    //     err.errno,
+    //     "Renaming to existing file should fail with EEXIST"
+    // );
+    // assert_ne!(
+    //     dir.id(),
+    //     target_file_mv.id(),
+    //     "'target' and 'dir' should be distinct nodes"
+    // );
+
+    // Don't rename /dir to /target
+    // XXX: A similar test fails on Linux using rename().
+    // let err = fs
+    //     .tx(|tx| tx.rename_node(root, "dir", root, "target"))
+    //     .expect_err("Renaming 'dir' to existing file 'target' should fail");
+    // assert_eq!(
+    //     syscall::EEXIST,
+    //     err.errno,
+    //     "Renaming to existing file should fail with EEXIST"
+    // );
+    // assert_ne!(
+    //     target_file_mv.id(),
+    //     dir.id(),
+    //     "'dir' and 'target' should be distinct nodes"
+    // );
+
+    // Rename /target to /target
+    fs.tx(|tx| tx.rename_node(root, "target", root, "target"))
+        .expect("Renaming 'target' to itself should succeed");
+    let target_self_mv = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.find_node(root, "target"))
+        .expect("'target' should exist because rename succeeded");
+    assert_eq!(
+        target_file_mv.id(),
+        target_self_mv.id(),
+        "'target' shouldn't have changed during a move to self"
+    );
+
+    // Rename /target to /dir/target
+    fs.tx(|tx| tx.rename_node(root, "target", dir.ptr(), "target"))
+        .expect("Renaming /target to /dir/target should succeed");
+    let moved_target = fs
+        .tx(|tx| tx.find_node(dir.ptr(), "target"))
+        .expect("'target' should have moved to /dir/target");
+    assert_eq!(target_file_mv.id(), moved_target.id());
+
+    // Rename /dir to /newdir
+    fs.tx(|tx| tx.rename_node(root, "dir", root, "newdir"))
+        .expect("Renaming 'dir' to 'newdir' should succeed");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn temporary_file() {
+    with_mounted(|path| {
+        let file_path = path.join("temp");
+        let mut file = fs::File::create_new(&file_path).expect("failed to create temp file");
+
+        fs::remove_file(&file_path).expect("failed to unlink temp file");
+
+        let write_data = "Test\n";
+        file.write_all(write_data.as_bytes())
+            .expect("failed to write temp file");
+
+        let mut read_data = String::new();
+        file.seek(SeekFrom::Start(0))
+            .expect("failed to seek temp file");
+        file.read_to_string(&mut read_data)
+            .expect("failed to read temp file");
+
+        assert_eq!(read_data, write_data);
+    });
+}