Like the other "at" functions, renameat renames files with respect with
a directory descriptor. "renameat2" is Linux specific but really nice -
it adds a flag which supports atomically swapping two files or failing
if the target already exists. The latter is easily supported in relibc.
The former requires redoxfs support.
Besides the impl itself, I refactored "cap_path_at" into what it really
is: a mini openat2-like function.
Capability based `fchmod`. I also implemented unit tests for chmod,
fchmod, and fchmodat.
The unit tests check Redox-specific behavior, so some of the tests are
disabled for Linux.
Linux's variant uses the syscall as intended. Redox's variant uses fpath
to build a path to pass to fstat from the file descriptor plus the file
name. Unlike the syscall, this isn't atomic so the liminal space between
fpath/getcwd and fstat is subject to TOCTOU.
Beyond fstatat, I moved the stat test to its correct location and added
an assert since the output of the test is unchecked.
I also added AT_FDCWD which seems to be -100 across Unixes. The other
AT_* constants are unimplemented for now.
As we know, vectors amortize the cost of adding new elements by reserving
space for multiple elements when full. This is useful but may lead to
allocating more memory than necessary.
`relibc` generally avoids over allocations by reserving the exact amount
of space when possible. I fixed a few areas that still over allocated or
reallocated unnecessarily by leveraging iterators that are more likely
to know sizes.
Josh Megnauth