From 24ff4f294ed1ace54f124dfc5eed74c364404032 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: bjorn3 <17426603+bjorn3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2026 21:19:28 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] init: Start logd as a regular service

---
 init.d/00_logd.service   |  7 +++++++
 init.d/00_runtime.target |  1 +
 init/src/main.rs         | 16 ++++++++--------
 3 files changed, 16 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 init.d/00_logd.service

diff --git a/init.d/00_logd.service b/init.d/00_logd.service
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2293176c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/init.d/00_logd.service
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[unit]
+description = "Logger"
+default_dependencies = false
+
+[service]
+cmd = "logd"
+type = { scheme = "log" }
diff --git a/init.d/00_runtime.target b/init.d/00_runtime.target
index 6a74498ec7..dee0f7217f 100644
--- a/init.d/00_runtime.target
+++ b/init.d/00_runtime.target
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 description = "Services that relibc needs to function"
 default_dependencies = false
 requires_weak = [
+    "00_logd.service",
     "00_nulld.service",
     "00_randd.service",
     "00_rtcd.service",
diff --git a/init/src/main.rs b/init/src/main.rs
index 16c2b3a7ca..75940c4a5a 100644
--- a/init/src/main.rs
+++ b/init/src/main.rs
@@ -137,20 +137,20 @@ fn main() {
         Path::new("/scheme/initfs/etc"),
     );
 
+    // Start logd first such that we can pass /scheme/log as stdio to all other services
+    scheduler
+        .schedule_start_and_report_errors(&mut unit_store, UnitId("00_logd.service".to_owned()));
+    scheduler.step(&mut unit_store, &mut init_config);
+    if let Err(err) = switch_stdio("/scheme/log") {
+        eprintln!("init: failed to switch stdio to '/scheme/log': {err}");
+    }
+
     let runtime_target = UnitId("00_runtime.target".to_owned());
     scheduler.schedule_start_and_report_errors(&mut unit_store, runtime_target.clone());
     unit_store.set_runtime_target(runtime_target);
 
     scheduler
         .schedule_start_and_report_errors(&mut unit_store, UnitId("90_initfs.target".to_owned()));
-
-    let mut command = std::process::Command::new("logd");
-    command.env_clear().envs(&init_config.envs);
-    daemon::SchemeDaemon::spawn(command, "log");
-    if let Err(err) = switch_stdio("/scheme/log") {
-        eprintln!("init: failed to switch stdio to '/scheme/log': {err}");
-    }
-
     scheduler.step(&mut unit_store, &mut init_config);
 
     switch_root(

From 8506ae5581539d6c4fdef70397a774332050c48a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: bjorn3 <17426603+bjorn3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2026 21:25:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] init: Move daemon spawning from daemon to init

In preparation for concurrent daemon spawning.
---
 Cargo.lock                       |  4 +-
 daemon/src/lib.rs                | 51 +--------------------
 drivers/hwd/src/backend/acpi.rs  |  1 +
 drivers/hwd/src/main.rs          |  1 +
 drivers/pcid-spawner/src/main.rs |  1 +
 init/Cargo.toml                  |  4 +-
 init/src/service.rs              | 79 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 7 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 54 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 31330c563b..10e5fca241 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1085,8 +1085,10 @@ name = "init"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "config",
- "daemon",
+ "libc",
  "libredox",
+ "plain",
+ "redox_syscall 0.7.3",
  "serde",
  "serde_json",
  "toml",
diff --git a/daemon/src/lib.rs b/daemon/src/lib.rs
index 36376a05bc..9f50722141 100644
--- a/daemon/src/lib.rs
+++ b/daemon/src/lib.rs
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ impl Daemon {
     }
 
     /// Executes `Command` as a child process.
+    // FIXME remove once the service spawning of hwd and pcid-spawner is moved to init
+    #[deprecated]
     pub fn spawn(mut cmd: Command) {
         let (mut read_pipe, write_pipe) = io::pipe().unwrap();
 
@@ -124,53 +126,4 @@ impl SchemeDaemon {
         let cap_fd = socket.create_this_scheme_fd(0, cap_id, 0, 0)?;
         self.ready_with_fd(Fd::new(cap_fd))
     }
-
-    /// Executes `Command` as a child process registering it to the scheme namespace.
-    pub fn spawn(mut cmd: Command, scheme_name: &str) {
-        let (read_pipe, write_pipe) = io::pipe().unwrap();
-
-        unsafe { pass_fd(&mut cmd, "INIT_NOTIFY", write_pipe.into()) };
-
-        if let Err(err) = cmd.spawn() {
-            eprintln!("daemon: failed to execute {cmd:?}: {err}");
-            return;
-        }
-
-        let mut new_fd = usize::MAX;
-        let fd_bytes = unsafe {
-            core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
-                core::slice::from_mut(&mut new_fd).as_mut_ptr() as *mut u8,
-                core::mem::size_of::<usize>(),
-            )
-        };
-        loop {
-            match syscall::call_ro(
-                read_pipe.as_raw_fd() as usize,
-                fd_bytes,
-                syscall::CallFlags::FD | syscall::CallFlags::FD_UPPER,
-                &[],
-            ) {
-                Err(syscall::Error {
-                    errno: syscall::EINTR,
-                }) => continue,
-                Ok(0) => {
-                    eprintln!("daemon: {cmd:?} exited without notifying readiness");
-                    return;
-                }
-                Ok(1) => break,
-                Ok(n) => {
-                    eprintln!("daemon: incorrect amount of fds {n} returned");
-                    return;
-                }
-                Err(err) => {
-                    eprintln!("daemon: failed to wait for {cmd:?}: {err}");
-                    return;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        let current_namespace_fd = libredox::call::getns().expect("TODO");
-        libredox::call::register_scheme_to_ns(current_namespace_fd, scheme_name, new_fd)
-            .expect("TODO");
-    }
 }
diff --git a/drivers/hwd/src/backend/acpi.rs b/drivers/hwd/src/backend/acpi.rs
index e368b73124..3da41d6382 100644
--- a/drivers/hwd/src/backend/acpi.rs
+++ b/drivers/hwd/src/backend/acpi.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ impl Backend for AcpiBackend {
 
         // Spawn acpid
         //TODO: pass rxsdt data to acpid?
+        #[allow(deprecated, reason = "we can't yet move this to init")]
         daemon::Daemon::spawn(Command::new("acpid"));
 
         Ok(Self { rxsdt })
diff --git a/drivers/hwd/src/main.rs b/drivers/hwd/src/main.rs
index 43ef475d96..79360e34ee 100644
--- a/drivers/hwd/src/main.rs
+++ b/drivers/hwd/src/main.rs
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ fn daemon(daemon: daemon::Daemon) -> ! {
 
     //TODO: launch pcid based on backend information?
     // Must launch after acpid but before probe calls /scheme/acpi/symbols
+    #[allow(deprecated, reason = "we can't yet move this to init")]
     daemon::Daemon::spawn(process::Command::new("pcid"));
 
     daemon.ready();
diff --git a/drivers/pcid-spawner/src/main.rs b/drivers/pcid-spawner/src/main.rs
index fca15b5865..a968f4d494 100644
--- a/drivers/pcid-spawner/src/main.rs
+++ b/drivers/pcid-spawner/src/main.rs
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
         let channel_fd = handle.into_inner_fd();
         command.env("PCID_CLIENT_CHANNEL", channel_fd.to_string());
 
+        #[allow(deprecated, reason = "we can't yet move this to init")]
         daemon::Daemon::spawn(command);
         syscall::close(channel_fd as usize).unwrap();
     }
diff --git a/init/Cargo.toml b/init/Cargo.toml
index 0a5bde7248..b0ae14a873 100644
--- a/init/Cargo.toml
+++ b/init/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,13 +6,15 @@ edition = "2024"
 license = "MIT"
 
 [dependencies]
+libc.workspace = true
 libredox.workspace = true
+plain.workspace = true
+redox_syscall.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 toml.workspace = true
 
 config = { path = "../config" }
-daemon = { path = "../daemon" }
 
 [lints]
 workspace = true
diff --git a/init/src/service.rs b/init/src/service.rs
index e0b1e682db..e27f08b93c 100644
--- a/init/src/service.rs
+++ b/init/src/service.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, BTreeSet};
-use std::env;
 use std::ffi::OsString;
+use std::io::Read;
+use std::os::fd::{AsRawFd, OwnedFd};
+use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
 use std::process::Command;
+use std::{env, io};
 
 use serde::Deserialize;
 
@@ -45,10 +48,66 @@ impl Service {
 
         match &self.type_ {
             ServiceType::Notify => {
-                daemon::Daemon::spawn(command);
+                let (mut read_pipe, write_pipe) = io::pipe().unwrap();
+
+                unsafe { pass_fd(&mut command, "INIT_NOTIFY", write_pipe.into()) };
+
+                if let Err(err) = command.spawn() {
+                    eprintln!("init: failed to execute {command:?}: {err}");
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                let mut data = [0];
+                match read_pipe.read_exact(&mut data) {
+                    Ok(()) => {}
+                    Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof => {
+                        eprintln!("init: {command:?} exited without notifying readiness");
+                    }
+                    Err(err) => {
+                        eprintln!("init: failed to wait for {command:?}: {err}");
+                    }
+                }
             }
             ServiceType::Scheme(scheme) => {
-                daemon::SchemeDaemon::spawn(command, &scheme);
+                let (read_pipe, write_pipe) = io::pipe().unwrap();
+
+                unsafe { pass_fd(&mut command, "INIT_NOTIFY", write_pipe.into()) };
+
+                if let Err(err) = command.spawn() {
+                    eprintln!("init: failed to execute {command:?}: {err}");
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                let mut new_fd = usize::MAX;
+                loop {
+                    match syscall::call_ro(
+                        read_pipe.as_raw_fd() as usize,
+                        unsafe { plain::as_mut_bytes(&mut new_fd) },
+                        syscall::CallFlags::FD | syscall::CallFlags::FD_UPPER,
+                        &[],
+                    ) {
+                        Err(syscall::Error {
+                            errno: syscall::EINTR,
+                        }) => continue,
+                        Ok(0) => {
+                            eprintln!("init: {command:?} exited without notifying readiness");
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        Ok(1) => break,
+                        Ok(n) => {
+                            eprintln!("init: incorrect amount of fds {n} returned");
+                            return;
+                        }
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            eprintln!("init: failed to wait for {command:?}: {err}");
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                let current_namespace_fd = libredox::call::getns().expect("TODO");
+                libredox::call::register_scheme_to_ns(current_namespace_fd, scheme, new_fd)
+                    .expect("TODO");
             }
             ServiceType::Oneshot => {
                 let mut child = match command.spawn() {
@@ -76,3 +135,17 @@ impl Service {
         }
     }
 }
+
+unsafe fn pass_fd(cmd: &mut Command, env: &str, fd: OwnedFd) {
+    cmd.env(env, format!("{}", fd.as_raw_fd()));
+    unsafe {
+        cmd.pre_exec(move || {
+            // Pass notify pipe to child
+            if libc::fcntl(fd.as_raw_fd(), libc::F_SETFD, 0) == -1 {
+                Err(io::Error::last_os_error())
+            } else {
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}

From 02b074f2e6ff834cb89fa7733a9cca7b2983642b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: bjorn3 <17426603+bjorn3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2026 21:56:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] init: Unify child spawning calls

---
 init/src/service.rs | 59 +++++++++++++++------------------------------
 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/init/src/service.rs b/init/src/service.rs
index e27f08b93c..9f53253ee6 100644
--- a/init/src/service.rs
+++ b/init/src/service.rs
@@ -46,38 +46,28 @@ impl Service {
         }
         command.envs(base_envs).envs(&self.envs);
 
-        match &self.type_ {
-            ServiceType::Notify => {
-                let (mut read_pipe, write_pipe) = io::pipe().unwrap();
+        let (mut read_pipe, write_pipe) = io::pipe().unwrap();
+        unsafe { pass_fd(&mut command, "INIT_NOTIFY", write_pipe.into()) };
 
-                unsafe { pass_fd(&mut command, "INIT_NOTIFY", write_pipe.into()) };
-
-                if let Err(err) = command.spawn() {
-                    eprintln!("init: failed to execute {command:?}: {err}");
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                let mut data = [0];
-                match read_pipe.read_exact(&mut data) {
-                    Ok(()) => {}
-                    Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof => {
-                        eprintln!("init: {command:?} exited without notifying readiness");
-                    }
-                    Err(err) => {
-                        eprintln!("init: failed to wait for {command:?}: {err}");
-                    }
-                }
+        let mut child = match command.spawn() {
+            Ok(child) => child,
+            Err(err) => {
+                eprintln!("init: failed to execute {:?}: {}", command, err);
+                return;
             }
-            ServiceType::Scheme(scheme) => {
-                let (read_pipe, write_pipe) = io::pipe().unwrap();
+        };
 
-                unsafe { pass_fd(&mut command, "INIT_NOTIFY", write_pipe.into()) };
-
-                if let Err(err) = command.spawn() {
-                    eprintln!("init: failed to execute {command:?}: {err}");
-                    return;
+        match &self.type_ {
+            ServiceType::Notify => match read_pipe.read_exact(&mut [0]) {
+                Ok(()) => {}
+                Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEof => {
+                    eprintln!("init: {command:?} exited without notifying readiness");
                 }
-
+                Err(err) => {
+                    eprintln!("init: failed to wait for {command:?}: {err}");
+                }
+            },
+            ServiceType::Scheme(scheme) => {
                 let mut new_fd = usize::MAX;
                 loop {
                     match syscall::call_ro(
@@ -110,13 +100,7 @@ impl Service {
                     .expect("TODO");
             }
             ServiceType::Oneshot => {
-                let mut child = match command.spawn() {
-                    Ok(child) => child,
-                    Err(err) => {
-                        eprintln!("init: failed to execute {:?}: {}", command, err);
-                        return;
-                    }
-                };
+                drop(read_pipe);
                 match child.wait() {
                     Ok(exit_status) => {
                         if !exit_status.success() {
@@ -128,10 +112,7 @@ impl Service {
                     }
                 }
             }
-            ServiceType::OneshotAsync => match command.spawn() {
-                Ok(_child) => {}
-                Err(err) => eprintln!("init: failed to execute '{:?}': {}", command, err),
-            },
+            ServiceType::OneshotAsync => {}
         }
     }
 }

From 853a26918f15ee9a5f93a8a485c20b1f5f7fe99a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: bjorn3 <17426603+bjorn3@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 2026 22:13:12 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] init: Move initfs configs to init.initfs.d

This frees up init.d for init configs on the rootfs.
---
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_logd.service           | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_nulld.service          | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_randd.service          | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_rtcd.service           | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_runtime.target         | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_zerod.service          | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/10_inputd.service         | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/10_lived.service          | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/20_fbbootlogd.service     | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/20_fbcond.service         | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/20_graphics.target        | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/20_vesad.service          | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/40_bcm2835-sdhcid.service | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/40_drivers.target         | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/40_hwd.service            | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/40_pcid-spawner.service   | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/40_ps2d.service           | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/50_rootfs.service         | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/90_initfs.target          | 0
 {init.d => init.initfs.d}/ramfs@.service            | 0
 20 files changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_logd.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_nulld.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_randd.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_rtcd.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_runtime.target (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/00_zerod.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/10_inputd.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/10_lived.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/20_fbbootlogd.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/20_fbcond.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/20_graphics.target (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/20_vesad.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/40_bcm2835-sdhcid.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/40_drivers.target (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/40_hwd.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/40_pcid-spawner.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/40_ps2d.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/50_rootfs.service (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/90_initfs.target (100%)
 rename {init.d => init.initfs.d}/ramfs@.service (100%)

diff --git a/init.d/00_logd.service b/init.initfs.d/00_logd.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/00_logd.service
rename to init.initfs.d/00_logd.service
diff --git a/init.d/00_nulld.service b/init.initfs.d/00_nulld.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/00_nulld.service
rename to init.initfs.d/00_nulld.service
diff --git a/init.d/00_randd.service b/init.initfs.d/00_randd.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/00_randd.service
rename to init.initfs.d/00_randd.service
diff --git a/init.d/00_rtcd.service b/init.initfs.d/00_rtcd.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/00_rtcd.service
rename to init.initfs.d/00_rtcd.service
diff --git a/init.d/00_runtime.target b/init.initfs.d/00_runtime.target
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/00_runtime.target
rename to init.initfs.d/00_runtime.target
diff --git a/init.d/00_zerod.service b/init.initfs.d/00_zerod.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/00_zerod.service
rename to init.initfs.d/00_zerod.service
diff --git a/init.d/10_inputd.service b/init.initfs.d/10_inputd.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/10_inputd.service
rename to init.initfs.d/10_inputd.service
diff --git a/init.d/10_lived.service b/init.initfs.d/10_lived.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/10_lived.service
rename to init.initfs.d/10_lived.service
diff --git a/init.d/20_fbbootlogd.service b/init.initfs.d/20_fbbootlogd.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/20_fbbootlogd.service
rename to init.initfs.d/20_fbbootlogd.service
diff --git a/init.d/20_fbcond.service b/init.initfs.d/20_fbcond.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/20_fbcond.service
rename to init.initfs.d/20_fbcond.service
diff --git a/init.d/20_graphics.target b/init.initfs.d/20_graphics.target
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/20_graphics.target
rename to init.initfs.d/20_graphics.target
diff --git a/init.d/20_vesad.service b/init.initfs.d/20_vesad.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/20_vesad.service
rename to init.initfs.d/20_vesad.service
diff --git a/init.d/40_bcm2835-sdhcid.service b/init.initfs.d/40_bcm2835-sdhcid.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/40_bcm2835-sdhcid.service
rename to init.initfs.d/40_bcm2835-sdhcid.service
diff --git a/init.d/40_drivers.target b/init.initfs.d/40_drivers.target
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/40_drivers.target
rename to init.initfs.d/40_drivers.target
diff --git a/init.d/40_hwd.service b/init.initfs.d/40_hwd.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/40_hwd.service
rename to init.initfs.d/40_hwd.service
diff --git a/init.d/40_pcid-spawner.service b/init.initfs.d/40_pcid-spawner.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/40_pcid-spawner.service
rename to init.initfs.d/40_pcid-spawner.service
diff --git a/init.d/40_ps2d.service b/init.initfs.d/40_ps2d.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/40_ps2d.service
rename to init.initfs.d/40_ps2d.service
diff --git a/init.d/50_rootfs.service b/init.initfs.d/50_rootfs.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/50_rootfs.service
rename to init.initfs.d/50_rootfs.service
diff --git a/init.d/90_initfs.target b/init.initfs.d/90_initfs.target
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/90_initfs.target
rename to init.initfs.d/90_initfs.target
diff --git a/init.d/ramfs@.service b/init.initfs.d/ramfs@.service
similarity index 100%
rename from init.d/ramfs@.service
rename to init.initfs.d/ramfs@.service